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Содержание:
Глава 1. Теоретические основы синтеза логических cхем
1.1. VHDL – язык проектирования цифровых систем
1.2. Высокоуровневый синтез
1.3. Логический синтез
1.3.1. Булевы функции. Формы представления систем булевых функций
1.3.2. Базис синтеза
1.3.3. Задача синтеза комбинационной логической схемы и основные этапы ее решения
1.3.4. Оптимизация двухуровневых представлений
1.3.5. Оптимизация многоуровневых представлений
1.3.6. Технологическое отображение
1.4. Повторный синтез
Глава 2. Основные элементы языка VHDL
2.1. Лексические элементы и типы данных
2.1.1. Лексические элементы, разделители, операторы
2.1.2. Идентификаторы
2.1.3. Зарезервированные слова
2.1.4. Литералы
2.1.5. Типы
2.1.6. Подтипы, конверсия типов
2.2. Декларации
2.2.1. Упрощенная форма задания синтаксических конструкций языка VHDL
2.2.2. Декларация константы
2.2.3. Декларация переменной
2.2.4. Декларация сигнала
2.2.5. Декларация компонента
2.3. Интерфейс и архитектура объекта
2.4. Атрибуты
2.5. Имена
2.6. Операторы
2.7. Сигналы
2.8. Последовательные операторы
2.8.1. Оператор присваивания значения переменной
2.8.2. Назначение сигнала
2.8.3. Оператор if
2.8.4. Оператор case
2.8.5. Оператор loop
2.8.6. Оператор next
2.8.7. Оператор exit
2.8.8. Оператор null
2.8.9. Оператор вызова процедуры
2.8.10. Оператор return
2.8.11. Оператор assert
2.8.12. Оператор wait
2.9. Параллельные операторы
2.9.1. Оператор process
2.9.2. Оператор параллельного сообщения
2.9.3. Оператор параллельного вызова процедуры
2.9.4. Оператор условного назначения сигнала
2.9.5. Оператор выборочного назначения сигнала
2.9.6. Оператор конкретизации компонента
2.9.7. Оператор generate
2.9.8. Оператор block
Глава 3. Организация описания цифровой системы на языке VHDL
3.1. Функции
3.2. Процедуры
3.3. Пакеты
3.4. Библиотеки VHDL-описаний
3.5. Конфигурации. Стили VHDL-описаний
3.6. Моделирование VHDL-описаний
Глава 4. Синтез схем по описаниям на языке VHDL
4.1. Синтез схем по VHDL-описаниям. Сходство и различие систем моделирования и синтеза
4.2. Понятие синтезируемого подмножества языка VHDL
4.3. Типы входных, выходных данных после синтеза (std_logic, std_logic_vector)
4.4. Целевая библиотека синтеза
4.5. Кодирование данных при синтезе
4.5.1. Кодирование данных типа bit, bit_vector
4.5.2. Кодирование данных типа std_logic, std_logic_vector
4.5.3. Кодирование данных типа std_ulogic, std_ulogic_vector
4.5.4. Кодирование данных типа integer
4.5.5. Кодирование данных перечислимого типа
4.5.6. Кодирование данных типа array
4.5.7. Кодирование данных типа character
4.5.8. Кодирование строковых литералов
4.5.9. Кодирование данных типа record
4.6. Синтезируемые и несинтезируемые операторы и конструкции
4.6.1. Использование констант в логических выражениях
4.6.2. Использование переменных в логических выражениях
4.6.3. Общие переменные
4.6.4. Логические операторы над типом std_logic
4.6.5. Арифметические операторы
4.6.6. Оператор if
4.6.7. Использование констант в арифметических выражениях
4.6.8. Оператор case
4.6.9. Оператор цикла
4.6.10. Выходной порт нельзя использовать в выражениях
4.6.11. Оператор assert
4.6.12. Оператор wait
4.6.13. Операторы сдвига
4.6.14. Оператор generate
4.6.15. Использование изменяемых параметров (generic)
4.6.16. Оператор конкретизации компонента
4.6.17. Инициализация внутренних сигналов схемы
4.6.18. Начальное значение порта игнорируется
4.6.19. Использование глобальных сигналов
4.6.20. Оператор вызов функции
4.6.21. Схемная реализация разрешающей функции
4.6.22. Переименования (alias)
4.6.23. Схемная реализация атрибутов
4.6.24. Группы
4.6.25. Типы сигналов register и bus. Охраняемый блок
4.6.26. Охраняемые сигналы
4.6.27. Тип real не поддерживается при синтезе
4.6.28. Оператор назначения сигнала
4.6.29. Перегрузка операторов (overload)
4.6.30. Алгоритмические конструкции, переводящиеся при синтезе в элементы памяти и буферы
4.7. Синтезируемые описания комбинационных схем
4.7.1. Таблицы истинности (совершенные ДНФ)
4.7.2. Системы ДНФ
4.7.3. Многоуровневые и полиномиальные представления
4.7.4. Диаграммы двоичного решения (BDD)
4.8. Синтезируемые описания конечных автоматов
4.8.1. Конечный автомат
4.8.2. Микропрограммный автомат
4.9. Синтез типовых схем
4.9.1. Генератор синхросигналов
4.9.2. Дешифратор
4.9.3. Мультиплексор
4.9.4. Демультиплексор
4.9.5. Постоянное запоминающее устройство
4.9.6. Двухразрядный сумматор
4.9.7. Четырехразрядный сумматор
4.9.8. Многоразрядный сумматор
4.9.9. Двухразрядный умножитель
4.9.10. Инкрементор, декрементор
4.9.11. Компаратор
4.9.12. Программируемая логическая матрица
4.9.13. D-триггер
4.9.14. Параллельный регистр
4.9.15. Сдвиговый регистр
4.9.16. Счетчик
4.10. Управление синтезом
4.10.1. Установление опций автоматического синтеза
4.10.2. Смена стилей описания схемы
4.10.3. Использование конфигураций
4.10.4. Использование “черных ящиков”
4.11. Повторный синтез
4.12. Исследование эффективности алгоритмов синтеза системы Leonardo
Литература
Предметный указатель
наверх
Глава 1. Теоретические основы синтеза логических cхем
1.2. Высокоуровневый синтез
entity adder_2 is
port(A, B : in integer range 0 to 3;
C : out integer range 0 to 6);
end adder_2;
architecture functional of adder_2 is
begin
C <= A + B;
end functional; |
entity vlsi_1f is
port (a, b : in integer range 0 to 3;
x : in bit;
D : out integer range 0 to 9);
end vlsi_1f;
architecture functional of vlsi_1f is
begin
po : process(a, b, x)
variable e : integer range 0 to 9;
begin
if (x = '0') then
e := a + b;
elsif (x = '1') then
e := a * b;
end if;
D <= e;
end process;
end functional; |
entity vlsi is
port (a, b : in integer range 1 to 4;
D : out integer range -1 to 8);
end vlsi;
architecture functional_1 of vlsi is
signal v : integer range 2 to 8;
signal w : integer range 1 to 16;
begin
addition : process(a, b)
begin
v <= a + b;
end process;
multiplication : process(a, b)
begin
w <= a * b;
end process;
D <= w - v;
end functional_1; |
entity vlsi is
port (a, b : in integer range 1 to 4;
D : out integer range -1 to 8);
end vlsi;
architecture functional_2 of vlsi is
begin
add_mult : process (a, b)
variable v : integer range 2 to 8;
variable w : integer range 1 to 16;
begin
v := a+b;
w := a*b;
D <= w - v;
end process;
end functional_2; |
entity vlsi is
port (a, b : in integer range 1 to 4;
D : out integer range -1 to 8);
end vlsi;
architecture functional_3 of vlsi is
begin
D <= (a*b) - (a+b);
end functional_3; |
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Глава 2. Основные элементы языка VHDL
2.3. Интерфейс и архитектура объекта
entity ANDOR is
port (x1, x2, x3 : in bit;
f : out bit);
end ANDOR;
architecture RTL1 of ANDOR is
begin
f <= (x1 and x2) or x3;
end RTL1;
architecture RTL2 of ANDOR is
signal w : bit;
begin
w <= x1 and x2;
p1 : process (w, x3)
begin
f <= w or x3;
end process p1;
end RTL2; |
entity Cate is
generic
(N : natural := 4);
port
(Inputs : in bit_vector (1 to N);
Result : out bit);
end Cate; |
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2.4. Атрибуты
entity signal_ex is
end signal_ex;
architecture beh of signal_ex is
signal ex, y1, y3 : bit;
signal y2 : boolean;
begin
ex <= '0' after 20 ns,
'1' after 50 ns,
'0' after 60 ns,
'1' after 80 ns;
y1 <= ex'transaction;
y2 <= ex'event;
y3 <= ex'last_value;
end beh; |
entity test_attr_vector is
end test_attr_vector;
architecture beh of test_attr_vector is
type vector is array (7 downto 0) of bit;
signal x : vector;
signal A, B, C, D : integer;
signal E : boolean;
signal F, G, H : integer;
begin
A <= vector'left;
B <= vector'right;
C <= vector'low;
D <= vector'high;
F <= vector'range;
G <= vector'reverse_range;
H <= vector'length;
end beh; |
entity test_attr_scalar is
end test_attr_scalar;
architecture beh of test_attr_scalar is
type new_values is (a1, b1, a2, b2, a3, b3, w);
signal A, B, C, D : new_values;
signal H : integer;
signal K, L, M, N, P : new_values;
begin
A <= new_values'left;
B <= new_values'right;
C <= new_values'low;
D <= new_values'high;
H <= new_values'pos(b3);
K <= new_values'val(2);
-- L <= new_values'succ(w); bad
L <= new_values'succ(b3);
M <= new_values'pred(b2);
-- N <= new_values'leftof(a1); bad
N <= new_values'leftof(b1);
-- P <= new_values'rightof(w); bad
P <= new_values'rightof(b3);
end beh; |
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2.7. Сигналы
entity ANDOR is
port(x1, x2, x3 : in bit;
f : out bit);
end ANDOR;
architecture example of ANDOR is
signal w : bit;
begin
p0 : w <= x1 and x2 after 10 ns;
p1 : process (w, x3)
begin
f <= w or x3 after 20 ns;
end process p1;
end example; |
entity ANDOR is
port(x1, x2, x3 : in bit;
f : out bit);
end ANDOR;
architecture DELTA of ANDOR is
signal w : bit;
begin
p0 : w <= x1 and x2; -- нет слова after
p1 : process(w, x3)
begin
f <=w or x3; -- нет слова after
end process p1;
end DELTA; |
entity vlsi_postponed is
port (a, b : in integer range 1 to 4;
D : out integer range -16 to 16);
end vlsi_postponed;
architecture func of vlsi_postponed is
signal v : integer range 1 to 8;
signal w : integer range 1 to 16;
begin
addition : process(a, b)
begin
v <= a + b;
end process;
multiplication : postponed process (a, b)
-- отложенный процесс
begin
w <= a * b;
end process;
D <= w - v;
end func; |
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2.8.1. Оператор присваивания значения переменной
entity VAR is
end VAR;
architecture functional of VAR is
signal A, B, J : bit_vector(1 downto 0);
signal E, F, G : bit;
begin
p0 : process (A, B, E, F, G, J)
variable C, D, H, Y : bit_vector(1 downto 0);
variable W, Q : bit_vector(3 downto 0);
variable Z : bit_vector(0 to 7);
variable X : bit;
variable DATA : bit_vector(31 downto 0);
begin
C := "11";
X := E and F;
Y := H nand J;
Z(0 to 3) := C & D; -- конкатенация
Z(4 to 7) := (not A) & (A nor B); -- конкатенация
D := ('0', '0'); -- агрегат
W :=(2 downto 1 => G, 3 => '1', others => '0'); -- агрегат
22 DATA := (others => '1'); -- агрегат
23 end process;
24 end functional; |
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2.8.9. Оператор вызова процедуры
entity CALL_PRO is
end CALL_PRO;
architecture RTL of CALL_PRO is
function bit_bool (inp_bit : in bit) return boolean is
begin
if (inp_bit = '1') then
return true;
else
return false;
end if;
end bit_bool;
procedure left_one (
signal DATA : in bit_vector (1 to 8);
signal l_bit : out integer) is
variable temp : integer;
begin
temp := 0;
for i in 1 to 8 loop
if (DATA(i) = '1') then
temp := i;
end if;
if (temp /= 0) then exit;
end if;
end loop;
l_bit <= temp;
end left_one;
signal DIN : bit_vector (1 to 8);
signal bit_1 : bit;
signal bool_1 : boolean;
signal DOUT : integer;
begin
p0 : process (bit_1, DIN)
begin
bool_1 <= bit_bool(bit_1); -- вызов функции
LEFT_ONE(DIN, DOUT); -- вызов процедуры
end process;
p1 : process
begin
bit_1 <= '1' after 20 ns, '0' after 40 ns;
DIN <= "01010000" after 20 ns,
"00000000" after 40 ns,
"00001100" after 60 ns,
"00000001" after 80 ns;
wait for 100 ns;
end process;
end RTL; |
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2.9.4. Оператор условного назначения сигнала
entity example_condition is
port (
x1, x2, x3, x4 : in bit;
condition : in bit_vector(1 downto 0);
F : out bit);
end example_condition;
architecture first of example_condition is
begin
F <= x1 when condition = "00" else
x2 when condition = "01" else
x3 when condition = "10" else
x4;
end first;
architecture second of example_condition is
begin
process (x1, x2, x3, x4, condition)
begin
if (condition = "00") then F <= x1;
elsif (condition = "01") then F <= x2;
elsif (condition = "10") then F <= x3;
else F <= x4;
end if;
end process;
end second; |
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2.9.5. Оператор выборочного назначения сигнала
entity example_selection is
port (x1, x2, x3, x4 : in bit;
selection : in bit_vector(1 downto 0);
F : out bit);
end example_selection;
architecture first of example_selection is
begin
with selection select
F <= x1 when "00",
x2 when "01",
x3 when "10",
x4 when others;
end first;
architecture second of example_selection is
begin
process (x1, x2, x3, x4, selection)
begin
case selection is
when "00" => F <= x1;
when "01" => F <= x2;
when "10" => F <= x3;
when others => F <= x4;
end case;
end process;
end second; |
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2.9.6. Оператор конкретизации компонента
entity circuit1 is
port (y, c, b, x1 : in bit;
a : out bit);
end circuit1;
architecture struct_1 of circuit1 is
component nao22
port (a, b, c, d : in bit;
y : out bit);
end component;
component nao2
port (a, b, c : in bit;
y : out bit);
end component;
signal w, d : bit;
begin
m_3 : nao2
port map (b => y, y => A, c => d, a => w);
met1 : nao22
port map (a => Y, b => C, c => b, D => x1, y => w);
met2 : NAO22 port map (y, b, c, c, d);
end struct_1;
entity nao2 is
port (a, b, c : in bit;
y : out bit);
end nao2;
architecture beh_1 of nao2 is
begin
y <= (not a) or (not b and not c);
end beh_1;
entity nao22 is
port (a, b, c, d : in bit;
y : out bit);
end nao22;
architecture beh_2 of nao22 is
begin
y <= (not a and not b) or (not c and not d);
end beh_2; |
entity nao22 is
port (a, b, c, d : in bit;
y : out bit);
end nao22;
architecture beh_2 of nao22 is
begin
y <= (not a and not b) or (not c and not d);
end beh_2; |
entity nao2 is
port (a, b, c : in bit;
y : out bit);
end nao2;
architecture beh_1 of nao2 is
begin
y <= (not a) or (not b and not c);
end beh_1; |
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2.9.7. Оператор generate
entity mp_vour is
generic (N : natural := 4);
port (x : in bit_vector (0 to 2*N);
u8 : out bit);
end mp_vour;
architecture gomain of mp_vour is
component xor2
port (x1, x2 : in bit;
y : out bit);
end component;
component nand2
port (x1, x2 : in bit;
y : out bit);
end component;
signal ss : bit_vector (0 to 2*N);
begin
ss(0) <= x(0);
g4 : for i in 1 to N generate
gn : nand2 port map (x1 => ss(2*(i-1)), x2 => x(2*i-1), y => ss(2*i-1));
gx : xor2 port map (x1 => ss(2*i-1), x2 => x(2*i), y => ss(2*i));
end generate g4;
u8 <= ss (2*N);
end gomain;
entity nand2 is
port (x1, x2 : in bit;
y : out bit);
end nand2;
architecture struct of nand2 is
begin
y <= x1 nand x2;
end struct;
entity xor2 is
port (x1, x2 : in bit;
y : out bit);
end xor2;
architecture struct of xor2 is
begin
y <= x1 xor x2;
end struct; |
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2.9.8. Оператор block
entity add1_e is
port (b1, b2, enable : in bit;
c1, s1 : out bit);
end add1_e;
architecture struct_3 of add1_e is
begin
p0 : block (enable = '1')
begin
s1 <= guarded (b1 xor b2);
c1 <= guarded (b1 and b2);
end block p0;
end struct_3; |
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Глава 3. Организация описания цифровой системы на языке VHDL
3.1 Функции
function bit_bool (inp_bit : in bit) return boolean is
begin
if (inp_bit = '1') then
return true;
else
return false;
end if;
end bit_bool; |
function BOOL_TO_SL(X : boolean)
return std_ulogic is
begin
if X then
return '1';
else
return '0';
end if;
end BOOL_TO_SL; |
function PARITY (X : std_ulogic_vector)
return std_ulogic is
variable TMP : std_ulogic := '0';
begin
for J in X'range loop
TMP := TMP xor X(J);
end loop;
return TMP;
end PARITY; |
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3.2. Процедуры
procedure PARITY
(signal X : in std_ulogic_vector;
signal Y : out std_ulogic) is
variable TMP : std_ulogic := '0';
begin
for J in X'range loop
TMP := TMP xor X(J);
end loop;
Y <= TMP; -- в процедуре могут быть операторы
-- назначения сигналов
end PARITY; |
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3.3. Пакеты
package vv_vls is
function bin2_to_int (signal w2, w1 : bit)
return integer;
function int_to_bin4
(signal INPUT : integer)
return bit_vector;
constant N : integer := 4;
function bin_to_int (signal x : bit_vector (0 to N-1))
return integer;
type in_array is array (natural range 1 to 4,
natural range 1 to 4) -- двумерный массив
of integer range 0 to 7;
type out_array is array (natural range 1 to 4,
natural range 1 to 4)
of integer range 0 to 256;
type fsm_in_type is (z1, z2); -- перечислимый тип
type fsm_out_type is (w1, w2, w3, w4);
type states is (a1, a2);
end vv_vls;
package body vv_vls is -- тело пакета
function bin_to_int -- функция
(signal x : bit_vector (0 to N-1))
-- левый разряд старший, возрастающий диапазон
return integer is
variable sum : integer := 0;
begin
for i in 0 to N-1 loop
if (x(i) = '1') then sum := sum + 2**(N-1-i);
else null;
end if;
end loop;
return sum;
end bin_to_int;
function bin2_to_int -- функция
(signal w2, w1 : bit) -- w2 - старший разряд
return integer is
variable sum : integer := 0;
begin
if w1 = '1' then
sum := 1;
else
sum := 0;
end if;
if w2 = '1' then
sum := sum+2;
else
sum := sum;
end if;
return sum;
end bin2_to_int;
function int_to_bin4 -- функция
(signal INPUT : integer)
return bit_vector is -- правый разряд старший
-- возрастающий диапазон
variable fout : bit_vector(0 to 3);
variable temp_a : integer := 0;
variable temp_b : integer := 0;
begin
temp_a := INPUT;
for i in 3 downto 0 loop
temp_b := temp_a/(2**i);
temp_a := temp_a rem (2**i);
if (temp_b = 1) then
fout(i) := '1';
else
fout(i) := '0';
end if;
end loop;
return fout;
end int_to_bin4;
end vv_vls; |
наверх
3.4. Библиотеки VHDL-описаний
entity circuit1 is
port (y, c, b, x1 : in bit;
a : out bit);
end circuit1;
architecture struct_2 of circuit1 is
-- component nao22
-- port (a, b, c, d : in bit; y : out bit);
-- end component;
-- component nao2
-- port (a, b, c : in bit; y : out bit);
-- end component;
signal w, d : bit;
begin
m_3 : entity work.nao2(beh_1)
port map (b => y, y => A, c => d, a => w);
met1 : entity work.nao22(beh_2)
port map (a => Y, b => C, c => b, D => x1, y => w);
met2 : entity work.NAO22(beh_2)
port map (y, b, c, c, d);
end struct_2; |
entity nao22 is
port (a, b, c, d : in bit;
y : out bit);
end nao22;
architecture beh_2 of nao22 is
begin
y <= (not a and not b) or (not c and not d);
end beh_2; |
entity nao2 is
port (a, b, c : in bit;
y : out bit);
end nao2;
architecture beh_1 of nao2 is
begin
y <= (not a) or (not b and not c);
end beh_1; |
наверх
3.5. Конфигурации. Стили VHDL-описаний
entity add1 is
port (b1, b2 : in bit;
c1, s1 : out bit);
end add1;
architecture struct_1 of add1 is
begin
s1 <= ((b1 and (not b2)) or ((not b1) and b2));
c1 <= b1 and b2;
end struct_1;
architecture struct_2 of add1 is
begin
s1 <= b1 xor b2;
c1 <= b1 and b2;
end struct_2; |
entity add2 is
port (c1, a1, a2 : in bit;
c2, s2 : out bit);
end add2;
architecture struct_1 of add2 is
begin
s2 <= ((not c1) and (not a1) and a2) or
((not c1) and a1 and (not a2)) or
(c1 and (not a1)and (not a2)) or
(a1 and a2 and c1);
c2 <= (a1 and c1) or (a2 and c1) or (a1 and a2);
end struct_1; |
entity adder_2 is
port (a1, b1, a2, b2 : in bit;
c2, s2, s1 : out bit);
end adder_2;
architecture struct_1 of adder_2 is
component
add1
port (b1, b2 : in bit;
c1, s1 : out bit);
end component;
component add2
port(c1, a1, a2 : in bit;
c2, s2 : out bit);
end component;
signal c1 : bit;
begin
circ1 : add1
port map (b1, b2, c1, s1);
circ2 : add2
port map (c1, a1, a2, c2, s2);
end struct_1; |
library ieee;
use ieee.std_logic_1164.all;
library work;
entity comp_3 is
port (signal a, b : in integer range 0 to 3;
signal EQ, LT, GT : out std_ulogic);
end comp_3;
architecture str of comp_3 is
component compare
port (a, b : in integer range 0 to 3;
EQ : out std_ulogic);
end component;
begin
COMP1 : compare port map (A, B, EQ);
COMP2 : compare port map (A, B, LT);
COMP3 : compare port map (A, B, GT);
end str; |
library ieee; -- Прочитать библиотеку
use ieee.std_logic_1164.all;
-- Сделать библиотеку "видимой"
entity compare is
port(A, B : in integer range 0 to 3;
EQ : out std_ulogic);
end compare;
architecture eq1 of compare is
begin
EQ <= '1' when (A = B) else '0';
end eq1;
architecture lt1 of compare is
begin
EQ <= '1' when (A < B) else '0';
end lt1;
architecture gt1 of compare is
begin
EQ <= '1' when (A > B) else '0';
end gt1; |
configuration config_1_adder_2 of adder_2 is
for struct_1
for all : add1
use entity work.add1(struct_1);
-- use entity work.add1(struct_2);
end for;
for all : add2
use entity work.add2(struct_1);
end for;
end for;
end config_1_adder_2; |
library work;
configuration default_configuration of comp_3 is
for str
for COMP1 : compare use entity work.compare (eq1);
end for;
for COMP2 : compare use entity work.compare (lt1);
end for;
for COMP3 : compare use entity work.compare (gt1);
end for;
end for;
end; |
наверх
3.6. Моделирование VHDL-описаний
entity add1 is
port (b1, b2 : in bit;
c1, s1 : out bit);
end add1;
architecture struct_1 of add1 is
begin
s1 <= ((b1 and (not b2)) or ((not b1) and b2));
c1 <= b1 and b2;
end struct_1;
architecture struct_2 of add1 is
begin
s1 <= b1 xor b2;
c1 <= b1 and b2;
end struct_2; |
entity add2 is
port (c1, a1, a2 : in bit;
c2, s2 : out bit);
end add2;
architecture struct_1 of add2 is
begin
s2 <= ((not c1) and (not a1) and a2) or
((not c1) and a1 and (not a2)) or
(c1 and (not a1)and (not a2)) or
(a1 and a2 and c1);
c2 <= (a1 and c1) or (a2 and c1) or (a1 and a2);
end struct_1; |
entity adder_2 is
port (a1, b1, a2, b2 : in bit;
c2, s2, s1 : out bit);
end adder_2;
architecture struct_1 of adder_2 is
component
add1
port (b1, b2 : in bit;
c1, s1 : out bit);
end component;
component add2
port(c1, a1, a2 : in bit;
c2, s2 : out bit);
end component;
signal c1 : bit;
begin
circ1 : add1
port map (b1, b2, c1, s1);
circ2 : add2
port map (c1, a1, a2, c2, s2);
end struct_1; |
entity mult_2 is
port (s1, s0, r1, r0 : in bit;
t3, t2, t1, t0 : out bit);
end mult_2;
architecture struct of mult_2 is
component
add1
port (b1, b2 : in bit;
c1, s1 : out bit);
end component;
signal p1, p2, p3, p4 : bit;
begin
t0 <= r0 and s0;
p2 <= r0 and s1;
p1 <= r1 and s0;
p4 <= r1 and s1;
circ1 : add1
port map (b1 => p1, b2 => p2, c1 => p3, s1 => t1);
circ2 : add1
port map (b1 => p3, b2 => p4, c1 => t3, s1 => t2);
end struct; |
package vv_vls is
function bin2_to_int (signal w2, w1 : bit)
return integer;
function int_to_bin4
(signal INPUT : integer)
return bit_vector;
constant N : integer := 4;
function bin_to_int (signal x : bit_vector (0 to N-1))
return integer;
type in_array is array (natural range 1 to 4,
natural range 1 to 4) -- двумерный массив
of integer range 0 to 7;
type out_array is array (natural range 1 to 4,
natural range 1 to 4)
of integer range 0 to 256;
type fsm_in_type is (z1, z2); -- перечислимый тип
type fsm_out_type is (w1, w2, w3, w4);
type states is (a1, a2);
end vv_vls;
package body vv_vls is -- тело пакета
function bin_to_int -- функция
(signal x : bit_vector (0 to N-1))
-- левый разряд старший, возрастающий диапазон
return integer is
variable sum : integer := 0;
begin
for i in 0 to N-1 loop
if (x(i) = '1') then sum := sum + 2**(N-1-i);
else null;
end if;
end loop;
return sum;
end bin_to_int;
function bin2_to_int -- функция
(signal w2, w1 : bit) -- w2 - старший разряд
return integer is
variable sum : integer := 0;
begin
if w1 = '1' then
sum := 1;
else
sum := 0;
end if;
if w2 = '1' then
sum := sum+2;
else
sum := sum;
end if;
return sum;
end bin2_to_int;
function int_to_bin4 -- функция
(signal INPUT : integer)
return bit_vector is -- правый разряд старший
-- возрастающий диапазон
variable fout : bit_vector(0 to 3);
variable temp_a : integer := 0;
variable temp_b : integer := 0;
begin
temp_a := INPUT;
for i in 3 downto 0 loop
temp_b := temp_a/(2**i);
temp_a := temp_a rem (2**i);
if (temp_b = 1) then
fout(i) := '1';
else
fout(i) := '0';
end if;
end loop;
return fout;
end int_to_bin4;
end vv_vls; |
library work;
use work.vv_vls.all;
entity test_VLSI_1 is
end test_VLSI_1;
architecture test of test_vlsi_1 is
component vlsi_1
port (a2, a1, b2, b1, x : in bit;
d4, d3, d2, d1 : out bit);
end component;
signal a2, a1, b2, b1, x, d4, d3, d2, d1 : bit;
signal s : bit_vector (0 to 3);
begin
p : vlsi_1
port map (a2 => a2, a1 => a1, b2 => b2, b1 => b1, x => x,
d4 => d4, d3 => d3, d2 => d2, d1 => d1);
a2 <= '1' after 25 ns; a1 <= '0' after 25 ns;
b2 <= '1' after 25 ns; b1 <= '1' after 25 ns;
x <= '0' after 25 ns;
s <= (d4, d3, d2, d1);
step1 : process (s)
variable number : integer range 0 to 15;
begin
number := bin_to_int(s);
if (number /= 5) then
assert false report "bad (2+3/=5)" severity error;
end if;
if (number = 5) then
assert false report "good (2+3=5)" severity warning;
end if;
end process;
end test; |
entity VLSI_1 is
port (a2, a1, b2, b1, x : in bit;
d4, d3, d2, d1 : out bit);
end VLSI_1;
architecture structure of vlsi_1 is
component
adder_2
port (a1, b1, a2, b2 : in bit;
c2, s2, s1 : out bit);
end component;
component mult_2
port(s1, s0, r1, r0 : in bit;
t3, t2, t1, t0 : out bit);
end component;
component dd
port (x1, x2, x3, x4, x5, x6 : in bit;
y1, y2, y3 : out bit);
end component;
component YY
port(a2, a1, b2, b1, x : in bit;
f6, f5, f4, f3, f2, f1 : out bit);
end component;
signal f1, f2, f3, f4, f5, f6, t4, t3, t2, t1, c2, s2, s1 : bit;
begin
circ1 : YY
port map (a2, a1, b2, b1, x, f6, f5, f4, f3, f2, f1);
circ2 : mult_2
port map (f2, f1, b2, b1, d4, t3, t2, t1);
circ3 : adder_2
port map (f4, f3, f6, f5, c2, s2, s1);
circ4 : dd
port map (s1, t1, s2, t2, c2, t3, d1, d2, d3);
end structure;
entity dd is
port (x1, x2, x3, x4, x5, x6 : in bit;
y1, y2, y3 : out bit);
end dd;
architecture struct_1 of dd is
begin
y1 <= x1 or x2;
y2 <= x3 or x4;
y3 <= x5 or x6;
end struct_1;
entity YY is
port (a2, a1, b2, b1, x : in bit;
f6, f5, f4, f3, f2, f1 : out bit);
end YY;
architecture struct_1 of YY is
begin
f1 <= x and a1;
f2 <= x and a2;
f3 <= not x and a1;
f4 <= not x and a2;
f5 <= not x and b1;
f6 <= not x and b2;
end struct_1; |
entity VLSI_1 is
port (a2, a1, b2, b1, x : in bit;
d4, d3, d2, d1 : out bit);
end VLSI_1;
architecture str of vlsi_1 is
component
adder_2
port (a1, b1, a2, b2 : in bit;
c2, s2, s1 : out bit);
end component;
component mult_2
port(s1, s0, r1, r0 : in bit;
t3, t2, t1, t0 : out bit);
end component;
component YY_MUX
port (t4, t3, t2, t1, c2, s2, s1, x : in bit;
d4, d3, d2, d1 : out bit);
end component;
signal t4, t3, t2, t1, c2, s2, s1 : bit;
begin
circ1 : YY_MUX port map (t4, t3, t2, t1, c2, s2, s1, x,
d4, d3, d2, d1);
circ2 : mult_2
port map (a1, b1, a2, b2, t4, t3, t2, t1);
circ3 : adder_2
port map (a1, b1, a2, b2, c2, s2, s1);
end str; |
entity YY_MUX is
port (t4, t3, t2, t1, c2, s2, s1, x : in bit;
d4, d3, d2, d1 : out bit);
end YY_MUX;
architecture beh of YY_MUX is
begin
d1 <= (not x and s1) or (x and t1);
d2 <= (not x and s2) or (x and t2);
d3 <= (not x and c2) or (x and t3);
d4 <= x and t4;
end beh; |
наверх
наверх
Глава 4. Синтез схем по описаниям на языке VHDL
4.5.1. Кодирование данных типа bit, bit_vector
-- синтезированная схема
library IEEE;
use IEEE.STD_LOGIC_1164.all;
entity cod_bit is
port (
x1 : in std_logic;
x2 : in std_logic;
x3 : in std_logic_vector (0 to 3);
x4 : in std_logic_vector (7 downto 4);
y1 : out std_logic;
y2 : out std_logic_vector (0 to 3)) ;
end cod_bit;
architecture examp of cod_bit is
begin
p0 : NO2 port map (Y => y2(3), A => x4(6), B => x3(1));
p1 : NA2 port map (Y => y2(2), A => x3(0), B => x4(7));
p2 : EX2 port map (Y => y2(1), A => x4(4), B => x2);
p3 : O2 port map (Y => y2(0), A => x3(2), B => x4(5));
p4 : A2 port map (Y => y1, A => x2, B => x1);
end examp; |
entity cod_bit is
port(
x1, x2 : in bit;
x3 : in bit_vector (0 to 3);
x4 : in bit_vector (7 downto 4);
y1 : out bit;
y2 : out bit_vector (0 to 3));
end cod_bit;
architecture examp of cod_bit is
begin
y1 <= x1 and x2;
y2(0) <= x3(2) or x4(5);
y2(1) <= x4(4) xor x2;
y2(2) <= x3(0) nand x4(7);
y2(3) <= x3(1) nor x4(6);
end examp; |
наверх
4.5.2. Кодирование данных типа std_logic, std_logic_vector
library IEEE;
use IEEE.STD_LOGIC_1164.all;
entity cod_std is
port(
x1, x2 : in std_logic;
x3 : in std_logic_vector (0 to 3);
x4 : in std_logic_vector (7 downto 4);
y1 : out std_logic;
y2 : out std_logic_vector (0 to 3));
end cod_std;
architecture examp of cod_std is
begin
y1 <= x1 and x2;
y2(0) <= x3(2) or x4(5);
y2(1) <= x4(4) xor x2;
y2(2) <= x3(0) nand x4(7);
y2(3) <= x3(1) nor x4(6);
end examp; |
наверх
4.5.3. Кодирование данных типа std_ulogic, std_ulogic_vector
library IEEE;
use IEEE.STD_LOGIC_1164.all;
entity cod_u_std is
port(
x1, x2 : in std_ulogic;
x3 : in std_ulogic_vector (0 to 3);
x4 : in std_ulogic_vector (7 downto 4);
y1 : out std_ulogic;
y2 : out std_ulogic_vector (0 to 3));
end cod_u_std;
architecture examp of cod_u_std is
begin
y1 <= x1 and x2;
y2(0) <= x3(2) or x4(5);
y2(1) <= x4(4) xor x2;
y2(2) <= x3(0) nand x4(7);
y2(3) <= x3(1) nor x4(6);
end examp; |
наверх
4.5.4. Кодирование данных типа integer
entity my_int_32 is
port(
x1, x2 : in integer;
y : out integer);
end my_int_32;
architecture str of my_int_32 is
begin
y <= x1 + x2;
end str; |
package pack is
-- type my_int1 is range 2 to 4;
type my_int1 is range 4 downto 2;
end pack;
package body pack is
end pack;
use work.pack.all;
entity my_int is
port(
x1, x2 : in my_int1;
y : out my_int1);
end my_int;
architecture str of my_int is
begin
y <= x1 + x2;
end str; |
наверх
4.5.5.Кодирование данных перечислимого типа
library exemplar;
use exemplar.exemplar_1164.all;
package pack is
type exemplar_string_array is array
(natural range <>, natural range <>) of character;
attribute TYPE_ENCODING : exemplar_string_array;
type my_state is (state1, state2, state3);
attribute TYPE_ENCODING of my_state : type is ("11", "01", "10");
end pack; |
library exemplar;
use exemplar.exemplar_1164.all;
use work.pack.all;
entity state is
port(
x1, x2 : in integer range 0 to 3;
y : out my_state);
end state;
architecture str of state is
begin
p0 : process (x1, x2)
begin
if x1 > x2 then y <= state1;
elsif x1 < x2 then y <= state2;
elsif x1 = x2 then y <= state3;
end if;
end process;
end str;
library exemplar;
use exemplar.exemplar_1164.all;
package pack is
type my_state is (state1, state2, state3);
attribute TYPE_ENCODING_STYLE of my_state :
type is ONEHOT;
-- attribute TYPE_ENCODING_STYLE of my_state :
-- type is BINARY;
-- attribute TYPE_ENCODING_STYLE of my_state :
-- type is GRAY;
-- attribute TYPE_ENCODING_STYLE of my_state :
-- type is RANDOM;
end pack;
package body pack is
end pack; |
наверх
4.5.6. Кодирование данных типа array
library IEEE;
use IEEE.STD_LOGIC_1164.all;
-- интерфейс схемы massiv
entity massiv is
port (
aa_1_1 : in std_logic;
aa_1_0 : in std_logic;
aa_2_1 : in std_logic;
aa_2_0 : in std_logic;
aa_3_1 : in std_logic;
aa_3_0 : in std_logic;
bb_1_1 : in std_logic;
bb_1_0 : in std_logic;
bb_2_1 : in std_logic;
bb_2_0 : in std_logic;
bb_3_1 : in std_logic;
bb_3_0 : in std_logic;
cc_1_2 : out std_logic;
cc_1_1 : out std_logic;
cc_1_0 : out std_logic;
cc_2_2 : out std_logic;
cc_2_1 : out std_logic;
cc_2_0 : out std_logic;
cc_3_2 : out std_logic;
cc_3_1 : out std_logic;
cc_3_0 : out std_logic) ;
end massiv; |
package vv is
type in_array is array (natural range 1 to 3)
of integer range 0 to 3;
type out_array is array (natural range 1 to 3)
of integer range 0 to 6;
end vv;
package body vv is
end vv;
library work;
use work.vv.all;
entity massiv is
port (AA, BB : in in_array;
CC : out out_array);
end massiv;
architecture functional
of massiv is
begin
p0 : process (AA, BB)
variable DD : out_array;
begin
loop1 : for i in 1 to 3 loop
DD(i) := AA(i) + BB(i);
end loop loop1;
CC <= DD;
end process;
end functional; |
наверх
4.5.7.Кодирование данных типа character
-- Интерфейс синтезированной схемы my_character.
entity my_character is
port (
x1 : in std_logic;
x2 : in std_logic;
y : out std_logic_vector (7 downto 0)) ;
end my_character; |
entity my_character is
port(x1, x2 : in bit;
y : out character);
end my_character;
architecture str of my_character is
begin
p0 : process (x1, x2)
begin
if x1 = x2 then y <= 'A';
elsif x1 /= x2 then y <= 'B';
end if;
end process;
end str; |
-- Тест для моделирования синтезированной схемы my_character
library IEEE;
use IEEE.STD_LOGIC_1164.all;
entity test_char is
end test_char;
architecture str of test_char is
component my_character
port (
x1 : in std_logic;
x2 : in std_logic;
y : out std_logic_vector (7 downto 0)) ;
end component;
signal x1 : std_logic;
signal x2 : std_logic;
signal y : std_logic_vector (7 downto 0);
begin
p0 : my_character port map (x1, x2, y);
x1 <= '0', '1' after 100 ns, '1' after 200 ns;
x2 <= '1', '1' after 100 ns, '0' after 200 ns;
end str; |
наверх
4.5.8. Кодирование строковых литералов
-- Интерфейс синтезированной схемы string_lit
library IEEE;
use IEEE.STD_LOGIC_1164.all;
entity string_lit is
port (
x1 : in std_logic;
x2 : in std_logic;
y_3_7 : out std_logic;
y_3_6 : out std_logic;
y_3_5 : out std_logic;
y_3_4 : out std_logic;
y_3_3 : out std_logic;
y_3_2 : out std_logic;
y_3_1 : out std_logic;
y_3_0 : out std_logic;
y_2_7 : out std_logic;
y_2_6 : out std_logic;
y_2_5 : out std_logic;
y_2_4 : out std_logic;
y_2_3 : out std_logic;
y_2_2 : out std_logic;
y_2_1 : out std_logic;
y_2_0 : out std_logic;
y_1_7 : out std_logic;
y_1_6 : out std_logic;
y_1_5 : out std_logic;
y_1_4 : out std_logic;
y_1_3 : out std_logic;
y_1_2 : out std_logic;
y_1_1 : out std_logic;
y_1_0 : out std_logic) ;
end string_lit; |
entity string_lit is
port(
x1, x2 : in bit;
y : out string (3 downto 1));
end string_lit;
architecture str of string_lit is
begin
p0 : process (x1, x2)
begin
if x1 = x2 then y <= "cdA";
elsif x1 /= x2 then y <= "&h+";
end if;
end process;
end str; |
наверх
4.5.9. Кодирование данных типа record
package pack is
type my_record is
record
my_bit : bit;
my_chart : character;
my_int : integer range 0 to 3;
end record;
type your_record is
record
your_bit : bit;
your_chart : character;
your_int : integer range 0 to 3;
end record;
end pack;
package body pack is
end pack; |
-- Интерфейс синтезированной схемы test_rec
library IEEE;
use IEEE.STD_LOGIC_1164.all;
entity test_rec is
port (
a_my_bit : in std_logic;
a_my_chart_7 : in std_logic;
a_my_chart_6 : in std_logic;
a_my_chart_5 : in std_logic;
a_my_chart_4 : in std_logic;
a_my_chart_3 : in std_logic;
a_my_chart_2 : in std_logic;
a_my_chart_1 : in std_logic;
a_my_chart_0 : in std_logic;
a_my_int_1 : in std_logic;
a_my_int_0 : in std_logic;
b_your_bit : out std_logic;
b_your_chart_7 : out std_logic;
b_your_chart_6 : out std_logic;
b_your_chart_5 : out std_logic;
b_your_chart_4 : out std_logic;
b_your_chart_3 : out std_logic;
b_your_chart_2 : out std_logic;
b_your_chart_1 : out std_logic;
b_your_chart_0 : out std_logic;
b_your_int_1 : out std_logic;
b_your_int_0 : out std_logic) ;
end test_rec; |
library work; use work.pack.all;
entity test_rec is
port(
A : in my_record;
B : out your_record);
end test_rec;
architecture str of test_rec is
begin
p0 : process (A)
begin
if A.my_bit = '0' then B.your_bit <= '1';
elsif A.my_bit /= '0' then B.your_int <= 1;
-- B.your_bit <= '0';
end if;
end process;
end str; |
-- Тест для моделирования схемы test_rec
use work.pack.all;
entity test is
end test;
architecture str of test is
component test_rec
port(
A : in my_record;
B : out your_record);
end component;
signal A : my_record;
signal B : your_record;
begin
p0 : test_rec port map (A, B);
A.my_bit <= '0', '1' after 100 ns;
A.my_chart <= 'A', 'c' after 100 ns;
A.my_int <= 3, 2 after 100 ns;
end str; |
наверх
4.6.1.Использование констант в логических выражениях
entity const_log is
port(
x1, x2 : in bit_vector (0 to 4);
y : out bit_vector (0 to 4));
end const_log;
architecture beh of const_log is
constant b : bit_vector (0 to 4) := "01010";
begin
y <= (x1 and x2) or b; -- поразрядные логические
-- операции and, or
end beh; |
наверх
4.6.2. Использование переменных в логических выражениях
entity var0 is
port(
x1, x2, x3, x4 : in bit;
y : out bit);
end var0;
architecture str of var0 is
begin
p0 : process (x1, x2, x3, x4)
variable a, b, c, d : bit;
begin
a :=(x1 and not x2);
c :=a;
b :=(not x1 and x2);
d :=b;
y <=c or b;
end process p0;
end str; |
entity var is
port(x1, x2, x3, x4 : in bit;
y : out bit);
end var;
architecture str of var is
begin
p0 : process (x1, x2, x3, x4)
variable a, b, c, d : bit;
begin
a :=(x1 and not x2);
b :=(not x1 and x2);
c :=a or b;
a :=(x3 and not x4);
b :=(not x3 and x4);
d :=a or b;
y <= c or d;
end process p0;
end str; |
наверх
4.6.3. Общие переменные
-- Не синтезируемый VHDL-код
entity example_1_shared is
port(
x1 : in integer;
y1, y2 : out integer);
end example_1_shared;
architecture beh of example_1_shared is
shared variable COUNT : integer;
begin
p1 : process (x1)
begin
Count := 1;
y1 <= x1 + COUNT;
end process;
p2 : process (x1)
begin
Count := 3;
y2 <= x1 + COUNT;
end process;
end beh; |
entity example_2_shared is
port(
x1 : in integer range 0 to 3;
y1, y2 : out integer range 0 to 6);
end example_2_shared;
architecture beh of example_2_shared is
shared variable COUNT : integer := 1;
begin
p1 : process (x1)
begin
y1 <= x1 + COUNT;
end process;
p2 : process (x1)
begin
y2 <= x1 + COUNT;
end process;
end beh; |
наверх
4.6.4. Логические операторы над типом std_logic
-- Синтезированный VHDL-код схемы example_std
library IEEE;
use IEEE.STD_LOGIC_1164.all;
package components is
component VCC
port (
Y : out std_logic) ;
end component;
component GND
port (
Y : out std_logic) ;
end component;
end components;
package body components is
end components;
library IEEE;
use IEEE.STD_LOGIC_1164.all;
entity example_std is
port (
x1 : in std_logic_vector (4 downto 0);
x2 : in std_logic_vector (4 downto 0);
y1 : out std_logic_vector (4 downto 0)) ;
end example_std;
architecture str of example_std is
signal y1_0_EXMPLR, y1_1_EXMPLR : std_logic;
begin
y1(4) <= y1_0_EXMPLR;
y1(3) <= y1_1_EXMPLR;
y1(1) <= y1_1_EXMPLR;
y1(0) <= y1_0_EXMPLR;
y1(2) <= y1_0_EXMPLR when y1_0_EXMPLR = '1' else 'Z';
p1 : work.components.VCC port map (Y => y1_1_EXMPLR);
p2 : work.components.GND port map (Y => y1_0_EXMPLR);
end str; |
library IEEE;
use IEEE.STD_LOGIC_1164.all;
entity example_std is
port(x1, x2 : in std_logic_vector (4 downto 0);
y1 : out std_logic_vector (4 downto 0)) ;
end example_std;
architecture str of example_std is
constant w1 : std_logic_vector := ('U', '1', 'U', 'X', 'X');
constant w2 : std_logic_vector := ('L', 'H', 'Z', 'H', 'W');
begin
y1 <= w1 and w2;
end str; |
library IEEE;
use IEEE.std_logic_1164.all;
entity GND is
port(Y : out std_logic);
end;
architecture GND_arch of GND is
begin
Y <= '0';
end GND_arch; |
library IEEE;
use IEEE.std_logic_1164.all;
entity VCC is
port(Y : out std_logic);
end;
architecture VCC_arch of VCC is
begin
Y <= '1';
end VCC_arch; |
наверх
4.6.5. Арифметические операторы
entity arithm_1 is
port(
x1, x2 : in integer range 0 to 4;
y : out integer range -4 to 4);
end arithm_1;
architecture beh of arithm_1 is
begin
y <= x1 - x2;
end beh; |
-- Тест для моделирования синтезированной схемы arithm_1
library IEEE;
use IEEE.STD_LOGIC_1164.all;
entity test is
end test;
architecture beh of test is
component arithm_1
port (
x1 : in std_logic_vector (2 downto 0);
x2 : in std_logic_vector (2 downto 0);
y : out std_logic_vector (3 downto 0)) ;
end component;
signal x1 : std_logic_vector (2 downto 0);
signal x2 : std_logic_vector (2 downto 0);
signal y : std_logic_vector (3 downto 0);
begin
p0 : arithm_1 port map (x1, x2, y);
x2 <= "111" after 50 ns
, "110" after 100 ns
, "101" after 150 ns
, "100" after 200 ns
, "011" after 250 ns
, "000" after 300 ns;
x1 <= "010" after 50 ns;
end beh; |
package pack is
type my_int1 is range 2 to 4; -- положительные числа
-- type my_int1 is range -4 to -2;
-- отрицательные числа
end pack;
package body pack is
end pack;
use work.pack.all;
entity type_my_int is
port(
x1, x2 : in my_int1;
y : out my_int1);
end type_my_int;
architecture str of type_my_int is
begin
y <= x1 + x2;
end str; |
наверх
4.6.6. Оператор if
-- Синтезированный VHDL-код
procedure DFFPC (
constant data : in std_logic;
constant preset : in std_logic;
constant clear : in std_logic;
signal clk : in std_logic;
signal q : out std_logic)
is begin
if (preset = '1') then
q <= '1';
elsif (clear = '1') then
q <= '0';
elsif (clk'event and clk'last_value = '0' and clk = '1') then
q <= data and data; -- takes care of q<='X' if data='Z'
end if;
if ((clear /= '1' or preset /= '1') and clk /= '0' and clk /= '1')
then q <= 'X';
end if;
end DFFPC; |
entity example0_if is
port(
x1, x2, contr : in boolean;
y : out boolean);
end example0_if;
architecture beh of example0_if is
begin
process (x1, x2, contr)
variable n : boolean;
begin
if contr then n := x1;
else n := x2;
end if;
y <= n;
end process;
end beh; |
entity example2_if is
port(
x1, x2 : in bit;
y : out bit);
end example2_if;
architecture beh of example2_if is
begin
process (x1, x2)
begin
if x1 = x2 then y <= '1';
elsif x1 /= x2 then y <= '0';
end if;
end process;
end beh; |
entity example3_if is
port(
x1, x2 : in integer range 0 to 2;
y : out integer range 1 to 3);
end example3_if;
architecture beh of example3_if is
begin
process (x1, x2)
begin
if x1 = x2 then y <= 1;
elsif x1 >= x2 then y <= 2;
else y <= 3;
end if;
end process;
end beh; |
наверх
4.6.7.Использование констант в арифметических выражениях
entity const is
port(
x1 : in integer range 0 to 3;
y : out integer range 0 to 10);
end const;
architecture beh of const is
constant a : integer := 5;
begin
y <= x1 + a;
end beh; |
наверх
4.6.8. Оператор case
entity control_case is
port (sel : in bit_vector (0 to 1); a, b, c, d : in bit; m : out bit);
end control_case;
architecture example of control_case is
begin
process (sel, a, b, c, d)
begin
case sel is
when "00" => m <= a;
when "01" => m <= b;
when "10" => m <= c;
when others => m <= d;
end case;
end process;
end example; |
наверх
4.6.9. Оператор цикла
entity control_loop is
port (a : bit_vector (0 to 3);
m : out bit_vector (0 to 3));
end control_loop;
architecture example of control_loop is
begin
process (a)
variable b : bit;
begin
b := '1';
for i in 0 to 3 loop
b := a(3-i) and b;
m(i) <= b;
end loop;
end process;
end example; |
-- Не синтезируемый VHDL-код
entity while_loop is
port (inp_sig : in bit_vector (3 downto 0);
ena : in bit;
result : out bit_vector (3 downto 0));
end while_loop;
architecture example of while_loop is
begin
process (inp_sig)
variable i : integer := 0; -- ошибка инициализации
begin
while (i < 2) loop
result (i) <= ena and inp_sig(i);
i := i + 1;
end loop;
end process;
end example; |
entity while_loop is
port (inp_sig : in bit_vector (3 downto 0);
ena : in bit;
result : out bit_vector (3 downto 0));
end while_loop;
architecture example of while_loop is
begin
process (inp_sig)
variable i : integer;
begin
i := 0;
while (i < 4) loop
result (i) <= ena and inp_sig(i);
i := i + 1;
end loop;
end process;
end example; |
наверх
4.6.10.Выходной порт нельзя использовать в выражениях
-- Не синтезируемый VHDL-код
entity out_port is
port(
x1, x2, x3 : in bit;
y1, y2 : out bit);
end out_port;
architecture beh of out_port is
begin
y1 <= (x1 and x2);
y2 <= (x1 xor x3) or y1; -- ошибка, y1 выходной порт
end beh; |
entity out_port is
port(
x1, x2, x3 : in bit;
y1, y2 : out bit);
end out_port;
architecture beh of out_port is
signal z : bit; -- дополнительный внутренний сигнал
begin
z <= (x1 and x2);
y1 <= z;
y2 <= (x1 xor x3) or z;
end beh; |
наверх
4.6.11. Оператор assert
package vv is
type in_array is array (natural range 1 to 3)
of integer range 0 to 3;
type out_array is array (natural range 1 to 3)
of integer range 0 to 6;
end vv;
package body vv is
end vv;
library work;
use work.vv.all;
entity massiv is
port (AA, BB : in in_array;
CC : out out_array);
end massiv;
architecture func_ass
of massiv is
begin
p0 : process (AA, BB)
variable DD : out_array;
begin
assert (AA'length = BB'length)
report "Size AA =/ Size BB" severity error; -- оператор сообщения игнорируется
-- при синтезе
loop1 : for i in 1 to 3 loop
DD(i) := AA(i) + BB(i);
end loop loop1;
CC <= DD;
end process;
end func_ass; |
наверх
4.6.12. Оператор wait
Не синтезируемый VHDL-код.
library IEEE;
use IEEE.std_logic_1164.all;
entity wait_pro is
port(
x1, x2, x3, x4 : in std_logic;
y, w, v : out std_logic);
end wait_pro;
architecture beh of wait_pro is
begin
p0 : process
begin
wait until x3 = '1';
y <= x1 or x2;
wait until x3 = '1';
v <= x1 and x2;
wait until x4 = '1'; -- условия ожидания должны
-- быть одинаковыми
w <= x1 xor x2;
end process;
end beh; |
наверх
4.6.13. Операторы сдвига
library IEEE;
use IEEE.STD_LOGIC_1164. all;
use IEEE.NUMERIC_STD. all;
entity shift_example is
port (a, b : in std_logic_vector (3 downto 0);
x1, x2 : out std_logic_vector (3 downto 0));
end shift_example;
architecture Synt of shift_example is
signal y, z : std_logic_vector (3 downto 0);
begin
y <= std_logic_vector(unsigned'(shift_left
(unsigned(a), 3)));
z <= std_logic_vector(unsigned'(shift_right
(unsigned(a), 3)));
x1 <= y and b;
x2 <= z xor b;
end Synt; |
library IEEE;
use IEEE.STD_LOGIC_1164. all;
library exemplar;
use exemplar.exemplar_1164.all;
entity shift_example is
port (a, b : in std_logic_vector (3 downto 0);
x1, x2 : out std_logic_vector (3 downto 0));
end shift_example;
architecture Synt of shift_example is
signal y, z : std_logic_vector (3 downto 0);
begin
y <= sl (a, 3); -- сдвиг влево
z <= sr (a, 3); -- сдвиг вправо
x1 <= y and b;
x2 <= z xor b;
end Synt; |
наверх
4.6.14. Оператор generate
-- Интерфейс синтезированной схемы multic_1
library IEEE;
use IEEE.STD_LOGIC_1164.all;
entity multic_1 is
port (
aa_1_1_1 : in std_logic;
aa_1_1_0 : in std_logic;
aa_1_2_1 : in std_logic;
aa_1_2_0 : in std_logic;
aa_1_3_1 : in std_logic;
aa_1_3_0 : in std_logic;
aa_2_1_1 : in std_logic;
aa_2_1_0 : in std_logic;
aa_2_2_1 : in std_logic;
aa_2_2_0 : in std_logic;
aa_2_3_1 : in std_logic;
aa_2_3_0 : in std_logic;
aa_3_1_1 : in std_logic;
aa_3_1_0 : in std_logic;
aa_3_2_1 : in std_logic;
aa_3_2_0 : in std_logic;
aa_3_3_1 : in std_logic;
aa_3_3_0 : in std_logic;
bb_1_1_1 : in std_logic;
bb_1_1_0 : in std_logic;
bb_1_2_1 : in std_logic;
bb_1_2_0 : in std_logic;
bb_1_3_1 : in std_logic;
bb_1_3_0 : in std_logic;
bb_2_1_1 : in std_logic;
bb_2_1_0 : in std_logic;
bb_2_2_1 : in std_logic;
bb_2_2_0 : in std_logic;
bb_2_3_1 : in std_logic;
bb_2_3_0 : in std_logic;
bb_3_1_1 : in std_logic;
bb_3_1_0 : in std_logic;
bb_3_2_1 : in std_logic;
bb_3_2_0 : in std_logic;
bb_3_3_1 : in std_logic;
bb_3_3_0 : in std_logic;
cc_1_1_5 : out std_logic; -- лишний выходной полюс
cc_1_1_4 : out std_logic;
cc_1_1_3 : out std_logic;
cc_1_1_2 : out std_logic;
cc_1_1_1 : out std_logic;
cc_1_1_0 : out std_logic;
cc_1_2_5 : out std_logic; -- лишний выходной полюс
cc_1_2_4 : out std_logic;
cc_1_2_3 : out std_logic;
cc_1_2_2 : out std_logic;
cc_1_2_1 : out std_logic;
cc_1_2_0 : out std_logic;
cc_1_3_5 : out std_logic; -- лишний выходной полюс
cc_1_3_4 : out std_logic;
cc_1_3_3 : out std_logic;
cc_1_3_2 : out std_logic;
cc_1_3_1 : out std_logic;
cc_1_3_0 : out std_logic;
cc_2_1_5 : out std_logic; -- лишний выходной полюс
cc_2_1_4 : out std_logic;
cc_2_1_3 : out std_logic;
cc_2_1_2 : out std_logic;
cc_2_1_1 : out std_logic;
cc_2_1_0 : out std_logic;
cc_2_2_5 : out std_logic; -- лишний выходной полюс
cc_2_2_4 : out std_logic;
cc_2_2_3 : out std_logic;
cc_2_2_2 : out std_logic;
cc_2_2_1 : out std_logic;
cc_2_2_0 : out std_logic;
cc_2_3_5 : out std_logic; -- лишний выходной полюс
cc_2_3_4 : out std_logic;
cc_2_3_3 : out std_logic;
cc_2_3_2 : out std_logic;
cc_2_3_1 : out std_logic;
cc_2_3_0 : out std_logic;
cc_3_1_5 : out std_logic; -- лишний выходной полюс
cc_3_1_4 : out std_logic;
cc_3_1_3 : out std_logic;
cc_3_1_2 : out std_logic;
cc_3_1_1 : out std_logic;
cc_3_1_0 : out std_logic;
cc_3_2_5 : out std_logic; -- лишний выходной полюс
cc_3_2_4 : out std_logic;
cc_3_2_3 : out std_logic;
cc_3_2_2 : out std_logic;
cc_3_2_1 : out std_logic;
cc_3_2_0 : out std_logic;
cc_3_3_5 : out std_logic; -- лишний выходной полюс
cc_3_3_4 : out std_logic;
cc_3_3_3 : out std_logic;
cc_3_3_2 : out std_logic;
cc_3_3_1 : out std_logic;
cc_3_3_0 : out std_logic) ;
end multic_1; |
library work;
use work.vvvv.all;
entity multic_1 is
port (AA, BB : in in_array;
CC : out out_array);
end multic_1;
architecture functional
of multic_1 is
component
element
port (x1, y1, x2, y2, x3, y3 : in integer;
w : out integer);
end component;
begin
q_i : for i in 1 to 3 generate
q_j : for j in 1 to 3 generate
el_ij : element
port map (x1 => AA(i, 1), y1 => BB(1, j),
x2 => AA(i, 2), y2 => BB(2, j),
x3 => AA(i, 3), y3 => BB(3, j),
w => CC(i, j));
end generate;
end generate;
end functional;
entity element is
port(x1, y1, x2, y2, x3, y3 :
in integer range 0 to 3;
w : out integer range 0 to 32);
end element;
architecture functional of element is
begin
w <= ((x1*y1)+ (x2 * y2)+ (x3 * y3));
end functional;
package vvvv is
type in_array is array (natural range 1 to 3,
natural range 1 to 3)
of integer range 0 to 3;
type out_array is array (natural range 1 to 3,
natural range 1 to 3)
of integer range 0 to 32;
end vvvv;
package body vvvv is
end vvvv; |
-- Тест для моделирования схемы multic_1
library work;
use work.vv_vls.all;
entity test_multic_1 is
end test_multic_1;
architecture struct
of test_multic_1 is
component
multic_1
port (AA, BB : in in_array;
CC : out out_array);
end component;
signal AA, BB : in_array;
signal CC : out_array;
begin
p1 : multic_1 port map (AA, BB, CC);
AA <= ((1, 3, 1),
(2, 3, 1),
(2, 3, 1));
BB <= ((2, 2, 1),
(2, 3, 1),
(1, 3, 1));
end struct; |
наверх
4.6.15. Использование изменяемых параметров (generic)
entity gen_circ is
port (a1, a2, b1, b2, b3 : in bit;
w : in bit;
f : out bit);
end gen_circ;
architecture str of gen_circ is
component or_2
port (x1, x2 : in bit;
y : out bit);
end component;
component mp_vour
generic (N : natural := 4);
port (x : in bit_vector (0 to 2*N);
u8 : out bit);
end component;
signal z : bit;
signal ss : bit_vector (0 to 4);
begin
ss <= (a1, a2, b1, b2, b3);
p0 : mp_vour
generic map (N => 2) -- ключевое соответствие
-- generic map (2) -- позиционное соответствие
port map (ss, z);
p1 : or_2 port map (z, w, f);
end str;
entity or_2 is
port (x1, x2 : in bit;
y : out bit);
end or_2;
architecture struct of or_2 is
begin
y <= x1 or x2;
end struct; |
entity mp_vour is
generic (N : natural := 4);
port (x : in bit_vector (0 to 2*N);
u8 : out bit);
end mp_vour;
architecture gomain of mp_vour is
component xor2
port (x1, x2 : in bit;
y : out bit);
end component;
component nand2
port (x1, x2 : in bit;
y : out bit);
end component;
signal ss : bit_vector (0 to 2*N);
begin
ss(0) <= x(0);
g4 : for i in 1 to N generate
gn : nand2 port map (x1 => ss(2*(i-1)), x2 => x(2*i-1), y => ss(2*i-1));
gx : xor2 port map (x1 => ss(2*i-1), x2 => x(2*i), y => ss(2*i));
end generate g4;
u8 <= ss (2*N);
end gomain;
entity nand2 is
port (x1, x2 : in bit;
y : out bit);
end nand2;
architecture struct of nand2 is
begin
y <= x1 nand x2;
end struct;
entity xor2 is
port (x1, x2 : in bit;
y : out bit);
end xor2;
architecture struct of xor2 is
begin
y <= x1 xor x2;
end struct; |
-- Тест для моделирования схемы gen_circ
entity test_gen_circ is
end test_gen_circ;
architecture struct
of test_gen_circ is
component
gen_circ
port (rr : in bit_vector (0 to 4);
w : in bit;
f : out bit);
end component;
signal rr : bit_vector (0 to 4);
signal w : bit;
signal f : bit;
begin
p1 : gen_circ port map (rr, w, f);
rr <= "01010", "00000" after 50 ns, "11111" after 100ns;
w <= '0', '1' after 50 ns, '1' after 100ns;
end struct; |
наверх
4.6.16. Оператор конкретизации компонента
entity add1 is
port (b1, b2 : in bit;
c1, s1 : out bit);
end add1;
architecture struct_1 of add1 is
begin
s1 <= ((b1 and (not b2)) or ((not b1) and b2));
c1 <= b1 and b2;
end struct_1;
architecture struct_2 of add1 is
begin
s1 <= b1 xor b2;
c1 <= b1 and b2;
end struct_2; |
entity add2 is
port (c1, a1, a2 : in bit;
c2, s2 : out bit);
end add2;
architecture struct_1 of add2 is
begin
s2 <= ((not c1) and (not a1) and a2) or
((not c1) and a1 and (not a2)) or
(c1 and (not a1)and (not a2)) or
(a1 and a2 and c1);
c2 <= (a1 and c1) or (a2 and c1) or (a1 and a2);
end struct_1; |
entity adder_2_mod is
port (x1, y1, x2, y2 : in bit;
c2, s2, s1 : out bit);
end adder_2_mod;
architecture struct_1 of adder_2_mod is
component add1
port (b1, b2 : in bit;
c1, s1 : out bit);
end component;
component add2
port(c1, a1, a2 : in bit;
c2, s2 : out bit);
end component;
signal c1 : bit; -- раздел деклараций внутренних
-- сигналов схемы adder_2
begin
circ1 : add1
port map (b1 => y1, b2 => y2, c1 => c1, s1 => s1);
circ2 : add2
port map (c1 => c1, a1 => '0', a2 => '0', c2 => c2, s2 => s2);
end struct_1; |
наверх
4.6.18. Начальное значение порта игнорируется
entity adder_2 is
port (a1 : in bit := '0'; -- начальное значение
-- игнорируется
b1, a2, b2 : in bit;
s1 : out bit := '1'; -- начальное значение
-- игнорируется
c2, s2 : out bit);
end adder_2; |
наверх
4.6.19. Использование глобальных сигналов
entity add1 is
port (b1, b2 : in bit;
c1, s1 : out bit);
end add1;
architecture struct_1 of add1 is
begin
s1 <= ((b1 and (not b2)) or ((not b1) and b2));
c1 <= b1 and b2;
end struct_1;
architecture struct_2 of add1 is
begin
s1 <= b1 xor b2;
c1 <= b1 and b2;
end struct_2; |
entity add2 is
port (c1, a1, a2 : in bit;
c2, s2 : out bit);
end add2;
architecture struct_1 of add2 is
begin
s2 <= ((not c1) and (not a1) and a2) or
((not c1) and a1 and (not a2)) or
(c1 and (not a1)and (not a2)) or
(a1 and a2 and c1);
c2 <= (a1 and c1) or (a2 and c1) or (a1 and a2);
end struct_1; |
-- Не синтезируемый VHDL-код
library work;
use work.pack.all;
entity adder_2 is
port (a1, b1, a2, b2 : in bit;
c2, s2, s1 : out bit);
end adder_2;
architecture struct_1 of adder_2 is
component
add1
port (b1, b2 : in bit;
c1, s1 : out bit);
end component;
component add2
port(c1, a1, a2 : in bit;
c2, s2 : out bit);
end component;
-- signal c1:BIT := '1'; -- сигнал декларирован в
-- пакете pack
begin
circ1 : add1
port map (b1, b2, c1, s1);
circ2 : add2
port map (c1, a1, a2, c2, s2);
end struct_1;
package pack is
signal C1 : bit; -- декларация сигнала C1
end pack;
package body pack is
end pack; |
наверх
4.6.20. Оператор вызов функции
entity FACTORIAL is
port (NUM : in integer range 1 to 4;
RESULT : out integer range 1 to 24);
end FACTORIAL;
architecture RTL of FACTORIAL is
pure function FACT (constant N : in integer range 1 to 4)
return integer is
begin
if (N = 1) then
return 1;
elsif (N > 1) and (N < 4) then
return N * FACT (N - 1);
-- рекурсивный вызов функции допускается
else
return 0;
end if;
end FACT;
begin
RESULT <= FACT (NUM);
end RTL; |
наверх
4.6.21. Схемная реализация разрешающей функции
library IEEE;
use IEEE.std_logic_1164.all;
entity A2 is
port(A, B : in std_logic;
Y : out std_logic);
end;
architecture A2_arch of A2 is
begin
Y <= A and B;
end A2_arch; |
library IEEE;
use IEEE.std_logic_1164.all;
library work;
use work.wire.all;
entity circuit_wire is
port(x1, x2, x3, x4, x5, x6 : in std_logic;
out_circ : out std_logic);
end circuit_wire;
architecture structure of circuit_wire is
component A2 is
port(A, B : in std_logic;
Y : out std_logic);
end component;
signal out_wire : RESOLVED_BIT;
begin
p1 : A2
port map (A => x1, B => x2, Y => out_wire);
p2 : A2
port map (a => x3, b => x4, y => out_wire);
p3 : A2
port map (A => x5, b => x6, Y => out_wire);
p4 : A2
port map (a => out_wire, B => x2, y => out_circ);
end structure; |
library IEEE;
use IEEE.std_logic_1164.all;
package wire is
function RES_FUNC(DATA : in std_logic_vector) return std_logic;
subtype RESOLVED_bit is RES_FUNC std_logic;
end;
package body wire is
function RES_FUNC(DATA : in std_logic_vector) return std_logic is
begin
for I in DATA'range loop
if DATA(I) = '1' then
return '1';
end if;
end loop;
return '0';
end; end; |
наверх
4.6.22. Переименования (alias)
entity alia is
port(
mass : in bit_vector (9 downto 4);
output : out bit);
end alia;
architecture beh of alia is
function left_or (mass : bit_vector) return bit is
alias aliased_mass : bit_vector (0 to mass'length-1) is mass;
begin
return aliased_mass (0) or aliased_mass (1);
end left_or;
begin
p0 : process (mass)
begin
output <= left_or (mass);
end process;
end beh; |
наверх
4.6.23. Схемная реализация атрибутов
entity attr is
port(
x_to : in bit_vector (0 to 3);
x_down : in bit_vector (9 downto 7);
y1 : out integer range 0 to 7;
y2 : out integer range 0 to 12;
y3 : out integer range 0 to 7);
end attr;
architecture str of attr is
begin
y1 <= x_to'left + x_down'right;
y2 <= x_to'high + x_down'low;
y3 <= x_to'length + x_down'length;
end str; |
library work;
use work.my_PACK.all;
entity circuit1 is
port (y, c, b, x1 : in bit;
a : out bit);
end circuit1;
architecture struct_1 of circuit1 is
attribute element_log of met1 : label is (1, 1, 1);
attribute element_log of met2 : label is (2, 2, 2);
attribute element_log of others : label is (3, 3, 3);
component nao22
port (a, b, c, d : in bit;
y : out bit);
end component;
component nao2
port (a, b, c : in bit;
y : out bit);
end component;
signal w, d : bit;
begin
m_3 : nao2
port map (b => y, y => A, c => d, a => w);
met1 : nao22
port map (a => Y, b => C, c => b, D => x1, y => w);
met2 : NAO22 port map (y, b, c, c, d);
end struct_1;
package my_PACK is
type three_int is record x1, x2, x3 : integer;
end record;
attribute element_log : three_int;
end my_PACK; |
entity nao22 is
port (a, b, c, d : in bit;
y : out bit);
end nao22;
architecture beh_2 of nao22 is
begin
y <= (not a and not b) or (not c and not d);
end beh_2; |
entity nao2 is
port (a, b, c : in bit;
y : out bit);
end nao2;
architecture beh_1 of nao2 is
begin
y <= (not a) or (not b and not c);
end beh_1; |
наверх
4.6.24. Группы
package GG is
constant N : integer := 4;
constant M : integer := 3;
type my_array is array (natural range 1 to N,
natural range 1 to M)
of integer range 0 to 3;
end GG;
package body GG is
end GG;
library work;
use work.GG.all;
entity matr_4 is
port (AA, BB, CC, DD : in my_array;
S : out integer);
end matr_4;
architecture functional of matr_4 is
constant WW : integer := M*N;
group DIMEN_2 is (signal);
group MATR : DIMEN_2 (AA, BB, CC, DD);
attribute all_elements : integer;
attribute all_elements of MATR : group is WW;
begin
S <= MATR'all_elements;
-- VHDL-код может быть более содержательным
end functional; |
наверх
4.6.25. Типы сигналов register и bus. Охраняемый блок
-- Не синтезируемый VHDL-код
library IEEE;
use IEEE.STD_LOGIC_1164. all;
entity reg is
port(
x1, x2, x3, x4 : in std_logic_vector (0 to 3);
clk : in std_logic;
z : out std_logic_vector (0 to 3));
end reg;
architecture beh of reg is
signal y : std_logic_vector (0 to 3) register;
-- signal y : std_logic_vector (0 to 3) bus;
begin
p0 : block (clk = '1')
begin
y <= guarded x1 and x2;
y <= guarded x3 or x4;
z <= guarded y xor x1;
end block;
end beh; |
-- Тест для моделирования схемы reg
library IEEE;
use IEEE.STD_LOGIC_1164. all;
entity test_reg is
end test_reg;
architecture beh of test_reg is
component reg
port(
x1, x2, x3, x4 : in std_logic_vector (0 to 3);
clk : in std_logic;
z : out std_logic_vector (0 to 3));
end component;
signal x1, x2, x3, x4, z : std_logic_vector (0 to 3);
signal clk : std_logic;
begin
p0 : reg port map (x1, x2, x3, x4, clk, z);
x1 <= "1101" after 50 ns, "1101" after 100 ns, "1101" after 200 ns;
x2 <= "0101" after 50 ns, "1101" after 100 ns, "0101" after 200 ns;
x3 <= "0101" after 50 ns, "1101" after 100 ns, "0101" after 200 ns;
x4 <= "0001" after 50 ns, "1000" after 100 ns, "0001" after 200 ns;
clk <= '1', '0' after 150 ns;
end beh; |
наверх
4.6.26. Охраняемые сигналы
-- Синтезированный VHDL-код схемы discon
library IEEE;
use IEEE.STD_LOGIC_1164.all;
package components is
component EX2
port (
Y : out std_logic;
A : in std_logic;
B : in std_logic) ;
end component;
component A2
port (
Y : out std_logic;
A : in std_logic;
B : in std_logic) ;
end component;
end components;
package body components is
end components;
library IEEE;
use IEEE.STD_LOGIC_1164.all;
entity discon is
port (
x1 : in std_logic;
x2 : in std_logic;
clk : in std_logic;
z1 : out std_logic;
z2 : out std_logic) ;
end discon;
architecture beh of discon is
signal sig1, sig2 : std_logic;
begin
z1 <= sig1 when clk = '1' else 'Z';
-- трехстабильный элемент с выходом z1
z2 <= sig2 when clk = '1' else 'Z';
-- трехстабильный элемент с выходом z2
p1 : work.components.EX2 port map (Y => sig2, A => x2, B => x1);
p2 : work.components.A2 port map (Y => sig1, A => x2, B => x1);
end beh; |
library IEEE;
use IEEE.STD_LOGIC_1164. all;
entity discon is
port(
x1, x2 : in std_logic;
clk : in std_logic;
z1, z2 : out std_logic);
end discon;
architecture beh of discon is
signal y1 : std_logic bus := '0';
signal y2 : std_logic bus;
disconnect y1 : std_logic after 10 ns;
disconnect y2 : std_logic after 15 ns;
begin
p0 : block (clk = '1')
begin
y1 <= guarded x1 and x2;
y2 <= guarded x1 xor x2;
end block;
z1 <= y1 after 20 ns;
z2 <= y2 after 25 ns;
end beh; |
entity guard is
port(
x1, x2, x3, x4, x5, x6 : in bit;
v, w : out bit);
end guard;
architecture str of guard is
begin
p1 : block ((x5 and x6) = '1')
begin
v <= guarded (x1 or x2);
w <= guarded (x3 xor x4);
end block;
end str; |
наверх
4.6.27. Тип real не поддерживается при синтезе
-- Не синтезируемый VHDL-код
entity exp1_real is
port(
b1 : in real range 2.0 to 3.14;
-- ошибка (тип real не поддерживается)
b2 : in real range -2.0 to 4.77; -- ошибка
b3 : out real range -4.0 to 8.00); -- ошибка
end exp1_real;
architecture str1 of exp1_real is
begin
b3 <= b1 + b2;
end str1; |
наверх
4.6.28. Оператор назначения сигнала
library IEEE;
use IEEE.std_logic_1164.all;
entity add1 is
port (b1, b2 : in std_logic;
c1, s1 : out std_logic);
end add1;
architecture beh_after of add1 is
begin
s1 <= transport (b1 xor b2) after 100 ns;
-- наличие слов after, transport
-- не влияет на результирующую логическую схему
c1 <= transport (b1 and b2) after 500 ns;
end beh_after; |
library IEEE;
use IEEE.std_logic_1164.all;
entity add1 is
port (b1, b2 : in std_logic;
c1, s1 : out std_logic);
end add1;
architecture beh_NO_after of add1 is
begin
s1 <= b1 xor b2; -- отсутствие слова after не влияет на
-- результирующую логическую схему
c1 <= b1 and b2;;
end beh_NO_after; |
наверх
4.6.29. Перегрузка операторов (overload)
library work;
use work.over.all;
entity complex_overload is
port (a, b : in integer range 0 to 3;
f, g : in integer range 0 to 15;
c : in bit;
z : in bit_vector (0 to 3);
e : out bit);
end complex_overload;
architecture beh of complex_overload is
signal d : bit;
signal t : integer range 0 to 15;
signal v : bit_vector (0 to 3);
begin
v <= (g and f) and z;
e <= d and v(2);
t <= (a * b);
d <= t * c;
end beh; |
library work;
use work.over.all;
entity log_overload_example is
port (a, b : in integer range 0 to 15;
y : out bit_vector (0 to 3));
end log_overload_example;
architecture beh of log_overload_example is
begin
y <= a and b; -- перегрузка логической операции and
end beh; |
library work;
use work.over.all;
entity overload_example is
port (a : in integer range 0 to 15;
x : in bit;
y : out bit);
end overload_example;
architecture beh of overload_example is
begin
y <= a * x; -- перегружаемый оператор *
end beh; |
package over is
function int_to_bin4 (signal INPUT : integer) return bit_vector;
function "*" (signal a : integer range 0 to 15; b : bit) return bit;
function "and" (
signal a : integer range 0 to 15;
signal b : integer range 0 to 15) return bit_vector;
end over;
package body over is
function int_to_bin4
(signal INPUT : integer)
return bit_vector is
variable fout : bit_vector(0 to 3);
variable temp_a : integer := 0;
variable temp_b : integer := 0;
begin
temp_a := INPUT;
for i in 3 downto 0 loop
temp_b := temp_a/(2**i);
temp_a := temp_a rem (2**i);
if (temp_b = 1) then
fout(i) := '1';
else
fout(i) := '0';
end if;
end loop;
return fout;
end int_to_bin4;
function "*" (signal a : integer range 0 to 15; b : bit) return bit is
variable cc : bit_vector (0 to 3);
begin
cc := int_to_bin4 (a);
for I in 0 to 3 loop
if cc(I) = '1' then
return ('1' and b);
end if;
end loop;
return ('0' and b);
end "*";
function "and" (signal a : integer range 0 to 15; signal b : integer range 0 to 15)
return bit_vector is
variable aa, bb : bit_vector (0 to 3);
begin
aa := int_to_bin4 (a);
bb := int_to_bin4 (b);
return (aa and bb);
end "and";
end over; |
-- Тест для моделирования синтезированной схемы complex_overload
library IEEE;
use IEEE.STD_LOGIC_1164.all;
entity test_overload is
end test_overload;
architecture beh of test_overload is
component complex_overload
port (
a : in std_logic_vector (1 downto 0);
b : in std_logic_vector (1 downto 0);
f : in std_logic_vector (3 downto 0);
g : in std_logic_vector (3 downto 0);
c : in std_logic;
z : in std_logic_vector (0 to 3);
e : out std_logic) ;
end component;
signal a : std_logic_vector (1 downto 0);
signal b : std_logic_vector (1 downto 0);
signal f : std_logic_vector (3 downto 0);
signal g : std_logic_vector (3 downto 0);
signal c : std_logic;
signal z : std_logic_vector (0 to 3);
signal e : std_logic;
begin
p0 : complex_overload port map (a, b, f, g, c, z, e);
A <= "11"; b <= "01", "00" after 50 ns;
f <= "0111"; g <= "1111", "1000" after 50 ns;
z <= "0111";
c <= '1', '0' after 50 ns, '1' after 100 ns;
end beh; |
наверх
4.6.30. Алгоритмические конструкции, переводящиеся при синтезе в элементы памяти и буферы
library IEEE;
use IEEE.STD_LOGIC_1164.all;
use IEEE.NUMERIC_STD.all;
entity BAD is
port(CLK, DIN : in std_ulogic;
DOUT : out std_ulogic);
end;
architecture BEHAVIOR of test is
signal TMP : std_ulogic;
begin
TMP <=
DIN when CLK'event and (CLK = '1' or CLK = '0')
else TMP;
DOUT <= TMP;
end; |
entity example_LATCH is
port(
inp_sig, ena : in bit;
out_sig : out bit);
end example_LATCH;
architecture beh of example_LATCH is
begin
process (inp_sig, ena)
begin
if (ena = '1')then
out_sig <= inp_sig;
end if;
end process;
end beh; |
library IEEE;
use IEEE.STD_LOGIC_1164. all;
entity three_state is
port(
inp_sig : in std_logic;
ena : in std_logic;
out_sig : out std_logic);
end three_state;
architecture exemplar of three_state is
begin
out_sig <= inp_sig when ena = '1' else 'Z';
end exemplar; |
наверх
наверх
4.7. Синтезируемые описания комбинационных схем
4.7.1. Таблицы истинности (совершенные ДНФ)
entity adder_2 is
port(
a1, b1, a2, b2 : in bit;
c2, s2, s1 : out bit);
end adder_2;
architecture functional_sdnf of adder_2 is
begin
c2 <= (not a1 and b1 and a2 and b2)
or (a1 and not b1 and a2 and not b2)
or (a1 and not b1 and a2 and b2)
or (a1 and b1 and not a2 and b2)
or (a1 and b1 and a2 and not b2)
or (a1 and b1 and a2 and b2);
s2 <= (not a1 and not b1 and a2 and not b2)
or (not a1 and not b1 and a2 and b2)
or (not a1 and b1 and not a2 and b2)
or (not a1 and b1 and a2 and not b2)
or (a1 and not b1 and not a2 and not b2)
or (a1 and not b1 and not a2 and b2)
or (a1 and b1 and not a2 and not b2)
or (a1 and b1 and a2 and b2);
s1 <= (not a1 and not b1 and not a2 and b2)
or (not a1 and not b1 and a2 and b2)
or (not a1 and b1 and not a2 and not b2)
or (not a1 and b1 and a2 and not b2)
or (a1 and not b1 and not a2 and b2)
or (a1 and not b1 and a2 and b2)
or (a1 and b1 and not a2 and not b2)
or (a1 and b1 and a2 and not b2);
end functional_sdnf; |
наверх
4.7.2. Системы ДНФ
entity adder_2 is
port (a1, b1, a2, b2 : in bit;
c2, s2, s1 : out bit);
end adder_2;
architecture functional_dnf of adder_2 is
begin
c2 <= (a1 and a2) or (b1 and b2 and a1) or (b1 and b2 and a2);
s2 <= (b1 and b2 and not a1 and not a2)
or (b1 and b2 and a1 and a2)
or (not b1 and a1 and not a2)
or (not b1 and not a1 and a2)
or (not b2 and a1 and not a2)
or (not b2 and not a1 and a2);
s1 <= (b1 and not b2) or (not b1 and b2);
end functional_dnf; |
наверх
4.7.4. Диаграммы двоичного решения (BDD)
entity bdd_example is
port (x1, x2, x3 : in bit;
f : out bit);
end bdd_example;
architecture data_flow of bdd_example is
begin
p0 : process (x1, x2, x3)
variable z : bit;
begin
if (x1 = '0') then
if (x2 = '0') then z := '0';
elsif (x2 = '1') then
if (x3 = '0') then z := '0';
elsif (x3 = '1') then z := '1';
end if;
end if;
elsif (x1 = '1') then
if (x2 = '0') then
if (x3 = '0') then z := '0';
elsif (x3 = '1') then z := '1';
end if;
elsif (x2 = '1') then z := '0';
end if;
end if;
f <= z;
end process;
end data_flow; |
наверх
4.8.1. Конечный автомат
library exemplar;
use exemplar.exemplar_1164.all;
entity FSM_struct is
port (x : in bit;
clk : in bit;
y : out bit_vector (1 to 2));
end FSM_struct;
architecture rtl of fsm_struct is
type T_state is (a1, a2);
attribute TYPE_ENCODING_STYLE of T_state :
type is ONEHOT;
signal NEXT_state, state : T_state;
begin
ns : process (state, x)
begin
case state is
when a1 =>
if (x = '0') then NEXT_state <= a2; y <= "00";
-- код y = (y1, y2)
elsif (x = '1') then NEXT_state <= a1; y <= "10";
end if;
when a2 =>
if (x = '0') then NEXT_state <= a1; y <= "01";
elsif (x = '1') then NEXT_state <= a1; y <= "11";
end if;
end case;
end process ns;
REG : process (clk)
begin
if (clk'event and clk = '1') then state <= NEXT_state;
end if;
end process REG; end RTL; |
-- library exemplar;
-- use exemplar.exemplar_1164.all;
use work.vvv.all;
entity FSM is
port (z : in fsm_in_type;
clk : in bit;
w : out fsm_out_type);
end FSM;
architecture rtl of fsm is
type T_state is (a1, a2);
-- attribute TYPE_ENCODING_STYLE of
-- T_state : type is ONEHOT;
-- T_state : type is BINARY;
signal NEXT_state, state : T_state;
begin
ns : process (state, z)
begin
NEXT_state <= state;
case state is
when a1 =>
if (z = z1) then NEXT_state <= a2; w <= w1;
elsif (z = z2) then NEXT_state <= a1; w <= w3;
end if;
when a2 =>
if (z = z1) then NEXT_state <= a1; w <= w2;
elsif (z = z2) then NEXT_state <= a1; w <= w4;
end if;
end case;
end process ns;
REG : process (clk)
begin
if clk = '1' then
state <= NEXT_state;
end if;
end process REG;
end rtl; |
package vvv is
type fsm_in_type is (z1, z2);
type fsm_out_type is (w1, w2, w3, w4);
end vvv;
package body vvv is
end vvv; |
-- Тест для моделирования автомата FSM
use work.vvv.all;
entity TestBench is
end TestBench;
architecture TBArch of TestBench is
component FSM
port (z : in fsm_in_type;
clk : in bit;
w : out fsm_out_type);
end component;
signal z : fsm_in_type;
signal w : fsm_out_type;
signal clk : bit;
begin
p : fsm port map (z, clk, w);
z <= z1,
z2 after 50 ns, z1 after 100 ns,
z2 after 150 ns, z2 after 200 ns,
z1 after 250 ns;
clk <= '0',
'1' after 25 ns, '1' after 50 ns,
'0' after 75 ns, '1' after 100 ns,
'0' after 125 ns, '1' after 150 ns,
'0' after 175 ns, '1' after 200 ns,
'0' after 225 ns, '1' after 250 ns;
end TBArch; |
-- Тест для моделирования синтезированной схемы автомата FSM
library IEEE;
use IEEE.STD_LOGIC_1164.all;
entity test is end test;
architecture rtl of test is
component fsm
port (
z : in std_logic;
clk : in std_logic;
w : out std_logic_vector (1 downto 0));
end component;
signal z : std_logic;
signal clk : std_logic;
signal w : std_logic_vector (1 downto 0);
begin
p0 : fsm port map (z, clk, w);
z <= '0', '1' after 50 ns,
'0' after 100 ns, '1' after 150 ns,
'1' after 200 ns, '0' after 250 ns;
clk <= '1',
'0' after 25 ns,
'1' after 50 ns,
'0' after 75 ns,
'1' after 100 ns,
'0' after 125 ns,
'1' after 150 ns,
'0' after 175 ns,
'1' after 200 ns,
'0' after 225 ns,
'1' after 250 ns;
end rtl; |
наверх
4.8.2. Микропрограммный автомат
library exemplar;
use exemplar.exemplar_1164.all;
entity Mealy is
port(x : in bit_vector (4 downto 1);
clk, rst : in bit;
y : out bit_vector (6 downto 1));
end Mealy;
architecture rtl of Mealy is
type T_state is (a1, a2, a3, a4, a5, a6);
attribute TYPE_ENCODING_STYLE of T_state :
type is Onehot;
signal NEXT_state, state : T_state;
begin
ns : process (state, x)
begin
case state is
when a1 =>
NEXT_state <= a2;
y <= "000101";
-- код y= (y6, y5, y4, y3, y2, y1)
-- код x= (x4, x3, x2, x1)
when a2 =>
if ((x(1) and not x(2) and not x(3)) = '1') then
NEXT_state <= a2;
y <= "000000";
elsif (not x(1) = '1') then
NEXT_state <= a5;
y <= "000010";
elsif ((x(1) and not x(2) and x(3)) = '1') then
NEXT_state <= a4;
y <= "001000";
elsif ((x(1) and x(2)) = '1') then
NEXT_state <= a3;
y <= "000110";
end if;
when a3 =>
NEXT_state <= a4;
y <= "001001";
when a4 =>
if (x(2) = '1') then
NEXT_state <= a6;
y <= "010000";
elsif (not x(2) = '1') then
NEXT_state <= a1;
y <= "000000";
end if;
when a5 =>
if ((x(1) and x(4)) = '1') then
NEXT_state <= a5;
y <= "000000";
elsif (not x(4) = '1') then
NEXT_state <= a4;
y <= "001001";
elsif ((not x(1) and x(4)) = '1') then
NEXT_state <= a1;
y <= "100000";
end if;
when a6 =>
NEXT_state <= a1;
y <= "100000";
end case;
end process ns;
state <=
a1 when rst = '1' else
NEXT_state when clk'event and clk = '1'else state;
end rtl; |
library exemplar;
use exemplar.exemplar_1164.all;
entity Moore is
port(x : in bit_vector (4 downto 1);
clk, rst : in bit;
y :out bit_vector (6 downto 1));
end Moore;
architecture rtl of Moore is
type T_state is (a1, a2, a3, a4, a5, a6, a7, a8);
attribute TYPE_ENCODING_STYLE of T_state : type is Onehot;
signal NEXT_state, state : T_state;
begin
NEXT_state <=
a2 when state = a1 else
a6 when state = a2 and x(1) = '0' else
a3 when state = a2 and x(1) = '1' and x(2) = '1'
else
a4 when state = a2 and x(1) = '1' and x(2) = '0'
and x(3) = '1' else
a2 when state = a2 and x(1) = '1' and x(2) = '0'
and x(3) = '0'
else
a5 when state = a3 else
a1 when state = a4 and x(2) = '0' else
a7 when state = a4 else
a1 when state = a5 and x(2) = '0' else
a7 when state = a5 else
a5 when state = a6 and x(4) = '0' else
a6 when state = a6 and x(1) = '1' and x(4) = '1' else
a8 when state = a6 and x(1) = '0' and x(4) = '1'
else
a8 when state = a7 else
a1 when state = a8 else
state;
y <=
"000000" when state = a1 else
"000101" when state = a2 else
"000110" when state = a3 else
"001000" when state = a4 else
"001001" when state = a5 else
"000010" when state = a6 else
"010000" when state = a7 else
"100000";
state <= a1 when rst = '1' else
NEXT_state when clk'event and clk = '1' else state;
end rtl; |
library exemplar;
use exemplar.exemplar_1164.all;
entity Moore is
port(x : in bit_vector (4 downto 1);
clk, rst : in bit;
y :out bit_vector (6 downto 1));
end Moore;
architecture rtl of Moore is
type T_state is (a1, a2, a3, a4, a5, a6, a7, a8);
attribute TYPE_ENCODING_STYLE of T_state :
type is Onehot;
signal NEXT_state, state : T_state;
begin
ns : process (state, x)
begin
case state is
when a1 => NEXT_state <= a2;
when a2 =>
if ((x(1) and not x(2) and not x(3)) = '1')
then NEXT_state <= a2;
elsif ((x(1) and x(2)) = '1')
then NEXT_state <= a3;
elsif ((x(1) and not x(2) and x(3)) = '1')
then NEXT_state <= a4;
elsif (not x(1) = '1')
then NEXT_state <= a6;
end if;
when a3 => NEXT_state <= a5;
when a4 =>
if (not x(2) = '1') then NEXT_state <= a1;
elsif (x(2) = '1')
then NEXT_state <= a7;
end if;
when a5 =>
if (not x(2) = '1') then NEXT_state <= a1;
elsif (x(2) = '1') then NEXT_state <= a7;
end if;
when a6 =>
if (not x(4) = '1') then NEXT_state <= a5;
elsif ((x(1) and x(4)) = '1')
then NEXT_state <= a6;
elsif ((not x(1) and x(4)) = '1')
then NEXT_state <= a8;
end if;
when a7 => NEXT_state <= a8;
when a8 => NEXT_state <= a1;
end case;
end process ns;
y <=
"000000" when state = a1 else
"000101" when state = a2 else
"000110" when state = a3 else
"001000" when state = a4 else
"001001" when state = a5 else
"000010" when state = a6 else
"010000" when state = a7 else
"100000";
state <= a1 when rst = '1' else
NEXT_state when clk'event and clk = '1' else state;
end rtl; |
наверх
4.9.1. Генератор синхросигналов
-- Не синтезируемый VHDL-код
entity clock_gen is
generic (Tpw : time := 50 ns;
Tps : time := 30 ns);
port (ph1, ph2 : out bit);
end clock_gen;
architecture beh of clock_gen is
constant clock_period : time := 2*(Tpw+Tps);
begin
clock_driver : process
begin
ph1 <= '1', '0' after Tpw;
ph2 <= '1' after Tpw+Tps, '0' after Tpw+Tps+Tpw;
wait for clock_period; -- используется тип time
end process clock_driver;
end beh; |
-- Тест для моделирования схемы clock_gen
entity test is
end test;
architecture beh of test is
component clock_gen
generic (Tpw : time := 50 ns;
Tps : time := 30 ns);
port (ph1, ph2 : out bit);
end component;
signal ph1, ph2 : bit;
begin
p0 : clock_gen port map (ph1, ph2);
end beh; |
наверх
4.9.2. Дешифратор
library IEEE;
use IEEE.STD_LOGIC_1164. all;
use IEEE.NUMERIC_STD. all;
library exemplar;
use exemplar.exemplar_1164.all;
entity Decoder is
port (enable : in bit;
Din : in std_logic_vector (2 downto 0);
Dout : out std_logic_vector (7 downto 0));
end Decoder;
architecture Synt of Decoder is
begin
with enable select
Dout <= sl ("00000001", TO_INTEGER (unsigned(Din)))
when '1',
"00000000" when '0';
end Synt; |
-- Тест для моделирования схемы Decoder
library IEEE;
use IEEE.STD_LOGIC_1164. all;
library work;
use work.exemplar.all;
entity test is
end test;
arcitecture beh of test is
component Decoder
port (enable : in bit;
Din : in std_logic_vector (2 downto 0);
Dout : out std_logic_vector (7 downto 0));
end component;
begin
p0 : Decoder (enable, Din, Dout);
Din <= "001",
"010" after 20 ns,
"011" after 40 ns,
"100" after 60 ns,
"101" after 80 ns,
"110" after 100 ns,
"111" after 120 ns,
"000" after 140 ns;
end beh; |
наверх
4.9.3. Мультиплексор
entity Mux4 is
port
(i : bit_vector(3 downto 0);
sel : bit_vector(1 downto 0);
s : out bit);
end Mux4;
architecture Synthesis_2 of Mux4 is
begin
with sel select
s <= i(0) when "00",
i(1) when "01",
i(2) when "10",
i(3) when "11";
end Synthesis_2; |
entity Mux4 is
port
(i : bit_vector(3 downto 0);
sel : bit_vector(1 downto 0);
s : out bit);
end Mux4;
architecture Synthesis_1 of Mux4 is
begin
process (sel, i)
begin
case sel is
when "00" => s <= i(0); when "01" => s <= i(1);
when "10" => s <= i(2); when "11" => s <= i(3);
end case;
end process;
end Synthesis_1; |
library IEEE;
use ieee.std_logic_1164. all;
use ieee.numeric_std.all;
entity Mux8 is
port
(InBus : in std_logic_vector(7 downto 0);
Sel : in std_logic_vector(2 downto 0);
OutBit : out std_logic);
end Mux8;
architecture Synthesis_1 of Mux8 is
begin
process (InBus, Sel)
begin
OutBit <= InBus(TO_INTEGER (unsigned(Sel)));
end process;
end Synthesis_1; |
library IEEE;
use ieee.std_logic_1164. all;
entity Mux8 is port
(InBus : in std_logic_vector(7 downto 0);
Sel : in integer range 0 to 7;
OutBit : out std_logic);
end Mux8;
architecture Synthesis_1 of Mux8 is
begin
process (InBus, Sel)
begin
OutBit <= InBus(Sel);
end process;
end Synthesis_1; |
наверх
4.9.4. Демультиплексор
entity demux_n is
generic (N : natural := 4);
port
(x : in bit_vector(0 to N-1);
w : in bit;
y : out bit_vector(0 to 2**N - 1));
end demux_n;
architecture beh of demux_n is
signal i : integer range 0 to 2**N-1;
function bin_to_int (signal x : bit_vector (0 to N-1))
return integer is
variable sum : integer := 0;
begin
for i in 0 to N-1 loop
if (x(i) = '1') then sum := sum + 2**(N-1-i);
else null;
end if;
end loop;
return sum;
end bin_to_int;
function output_j (
constant N : natural;
signal j : integer;
signal w : bit)
return bit_vector
is
variable z : bit_vector(0 to 2**N - 1);
begin
for k in 0 to 2**N-1 loop
if ((k = j) and (w = '1')) then z(k) := '1';
else z(k) := '0';
end if;
end loop;
return z;
end output_j;
begin
i <= bin_to_int(x);
y <= output_j(N, i, w);
end beh; |
-- Тест для моделирования схемы demux_n
entity test_demux_n is
end test_demux_n;
architecture beh of test_demux_n is
component demux_n
generic (N : natural := 4);
port
(x : in bit_vector(0 to N-1);
w : in bit;
y : out bit_vector(0 to 2**N - 1));
end component;
signal x : bit_vector(0 to 3);
signal w : bit;
signal y : bit_vector(0 to 15);
begin
p0 : demux_n port map (x, w, y);
x <= "1000", "0011" after 50 ns,
"0111" after 100 ns, "1111" after 120 ns;
w <='0', '1' after 40 ns, '0' after 80 ns,
'1' after 100 ns;
end beh; |
наверх
4.9.5. Постоянное запоминающее устройство
package pack_ROM is
type seven_segment is array (6 downto 0) of bit;
type rom_type is array (natural range <>) of seven_segment;
constant hex_to_7 : rom_type (0 to 15) :=
("0111111", -- адрес 0
"0011000", -- адрес 1
"1101111", -- адрес 2
"1111100", -- адрес 3
"1011010", -- адрес 4
"1110110", -- адрес 5
"1110111", -- адрес 6
"0011100", -- адрес 7
"1111111", -- адрес 8
"1111110", -- адрес 9
"1011111", -- адрес 10
"1110011", -- адрес 11
"0100111", -- адрес 12
"1111001", -- адрес 13
"1100111", -- адрес 14
"1000111"); -- адрес 15
end pack_ROM;
package body pack_ROM is
end pack_ROM; |
library work;
use work.pack_rom.all;
entity ROM7 is
port (addr : in integer range 0 to 15;
out_word : out seven_segment);
end ROM7;
architecture str of ROM7 is
begin
out_word <= hex_to_7 (addr);
end str; |
-- Тест для моделирования схемы ROM7
library work;
use work.pack_rom.all;
entity test_ROM7 is
end test_ROM7;
architecture str of test_ROM7 is
component ROM7
port (addr : in integer range 0 to 15;
out_word : out seven_segment);
end component;
signal addr : integer range 0 to 15;
signal out_word : seven_segment;
begin
p0 : ROM7 port map (addr, out_word);
addr <= 0, 1 after 50 ns, 8 after 100 ns,
9 after 200 ns, 15 after 300 ns;
end str; |
наверх
4.9.6. Двухразрядный сумматор
library work;
use work.pack_adder_ROM.all;
entity adder_2 is
port (a1, b1, a2, b2 : in bit;
c2, s2, s1 : out bit);
end adder_2;
architecture functional_rom of adder_2 is
signal addr : integer range 0 to 15;
signal out_word : three_segment;
begin
addr <= bin4_to_int (a1, b1, a2, b2);
out_word <= table_to_3 (addr);
c2 <= out_word(2);
s2 <= out_word(1);
s1 <= out_word(0);
end functional_rom; |
package pack_adder_ROM is
type three_segment is array (2 downto 0) of bit;
type rom_type is array (natural range <>) of three_segment;
constant table_to_3 : rom_type (0 to 15) :=
("000", -- 0+0
"001", -- 0+1
"010", -- 0+2
"011", -- 0+3
"001", -- 1+0
"010", -- 1+1
"011", -- 1+2
"100", -- 1+3
"010", -- 2+0
"011", -- 2+1
"100", -- 2+2
"101", -- 2+3
"011", -- 3+0
"100", -- 3+1
"101", -- 3+2
"110") ; -- 3+3
function bin4_to_int (signal w3, w2, w1, w0 : bit)
return integer;
end pack_adder_ROM;
package body pack_adder_ROM is
function bin4_to_int (signal w3, w2, w1, w0 : bit)
return integer is
variable sum : integer := 0;
begin
if w0 = '1' then sum := 1; else sum := 0; end if;
if w1 = '1' then sum := sum + 2; else sum := sum;
end if;
if w2 = '1' then sum := sum + 4; else sum := sum;
end if;
if w3 = '1' then sum := sum + 8; else sum := sum;
end if;
return sum;
end bin4_to_int;
end pack_adder_ROM; |
наверх
4.9.7. Четырехразрядный сумматор
entity adder_4 is
port (x, y : in bit_vector(3 downto 0);
z : out bit_vector(4 downto 0));
end adder_4;
architecture beh of adder_4 is
function vector_adder_4 (x : bit_vector(3 downto 0);
y : bit_vector(3 downto 0))
return bit_vector is
variable carry : bit;
variable result : bit_vector(4 downto 0);
begin
carry := '0';
for i in 0 to 3 loop
result (i) := x(i) xor y(i) xor carry;
carry := (carry and (x(i) or y(i))) or (x(i) and y(i));
end loop;
result (4) := carry;
return result;
end vector_adder_4;
begin
z <= vector_adder_4 (x, y);
end beh; |
entity adder_4_data_flow is
port (x, y : in bit_vector (0 to 3);
z : out bit_vector (0 to 4));
end adder_4_data_flow;
architecture func of adder_4_data_flow is
signal c : bit_vector (1 to 3);
begin
z(0) <= (x(0) and not y(0)) or (not x(0) and y(0));
c(1) <= x(0) and y(0);
z(1) <= (not x(1) and not y(1) and c(1)) or
(x(1) and y(1) and c(1)) or
(x(1) and not y(1) and not c(1)) or
(not x(1) and y(1) and not c(1));
c(2) <= (x(1) and y(1)) or (x(1) and c(1)) or (y(1) and c(1));
z(2) <= (not x(2) and not y(2) and c(2)) or
(x(2) and y(2) and c(2)) or
(x(2) and not y(2) and not c(2)) or
(not x(2) and y(2) and not c(2));
c(3) <= (x(2) and y(2)) or (x(2) and c(2)) or (y(2) and c(2));
z(3) <= (not x(3) and not y(3) and c(3)) or
(x(3) and y(3) and c(3)) or
(x(3) and not y(3) and not c(3)) or
(not x(3) and y(3) and not c(3));
z(4) <= (x(3) and y(3)) or (x(3) and c(3)) or (y(3) and c(3));
end func; |
library IEEE;
use IEEE.STD_LOGIC_1164. all;
use IEEE.NUMERIC_STD. all;
library exemplar;
use exemplar.exemplar_1164.all;
entity adder_4_ex is
port (x, y : in std_logic_vector(3 downto 0);
z : out std_logic_vector(4 downto 0));
end adder_4_ex;
architecture beh of adder_4_ex is
begin
z <= add (x, y);
end beh; |
entity adder_4_integer is
port(
x1, x2 : in integer range 0 to 15;
y : out integer range 0 to 30);
end adder_4_integer;
architecture beh of adder_4_integer is
begin
y <= x1 + x2;
end beh; |
наверх
4.9.8. Многоразрядный сумматор
entity add2 is
port (c1, a1, a2 : in bit;
c2, s2 : out bit);
end add2;
architecture struct_1 of add2 is
begin
s2 <= ((not c1) and (not a1) and a2) or
((not c1) and a1 and (not a2)) or
(c1 and (not a1)and (not a2)) or
(a1 and a2 and c1);
c2 <= (a1 and c1) or (a2 and c1) or (a1 and a2);
end struct_1; |
entity adder_N is
generic (N : natural := 4);
port (a, b : in bit_vector (0 to N-1);
s : out bit_vector (0 to N-1);
c : out bit);
end adder_N;
architecture func_1 of adder_N is
component add2
port(c1, a1, a2 : in bit;
c2, s2 : out bit);
end component;
signal c_in : bit_vector (0 to N);
begin
c_in(0) <= '0';
adder : for i in 0 to N-1 generate
all_bit : add2 port map (c1 => c_in(i), a1 => a(i), a2 => b(i),
c2 => c_in(i+1), s2 => s(i));
end generate adder;
c <= c_in(N);
end func_1; |
наверх
4.9.9. Двухразрядный умножитель
entity add1 is
port (b1, b2 : in bit;
c1, s1 : out bit);
end add1;
architecture struct_1 of add1 is
begin
s1 <= ((b1 and (not b2)) or ((not b1) and b2));
c1 <= b1 and b2;
end struct_1;
architecture struct_2 of add1 is
begin
s1 <= b1 xor b2;
c1 <= b1 and b2;
end struct_2; |
library work;
use work.vv_vls.all;
entity mult_2 is
port (s1, s0, r1, r0 : in bit;
t3, t2, t1, t0 : out bit);
end mult_2;
architecture functional of mult_2 is
signal ss, rr : integer range 0 to 3;
signal tt : integer range 0 to 9;
signal tt_sig : bit_vector (0 to 3);
begin
ss <= bin2_to_int(s0, s1);
rr <= bin2_to_int(r0, r1);
tt <= ss*rr; -- перемножение целых чисел
tt_sig <= int_to_bin4(tt);
t0 <= tt_sig(0);
t1 <= tt_sig(1);
t2 <= tt_sig(2);
t3 <= tt_sig(3);
end functional; |
entity mult_2_pure is
port(
x1, x2 : in integer range 0 to 3;
y : out integer range 0 to 9);
end mult_2_pure;
architecture str of mult_2_pure is
begin
y <= x1 * x2;
end str; |
entity mult_2 is
port (s1, s0, r1, r0 : in bit;
t3, t2, t1, t0 : out bit);
end mult_2;
architecture struct of mult_2 is
component
add1
port (b1, b2 : in bit;
c1, s1 : out bit);
end component;
signal p1, p2, p3, p4 : bit;
begin
t0 <= r0 and s0;
p2 <= r0 and s1;
p1 <= r1 and s0;
p4 <= r1 and s1;
circ1 : add1
port map (b1 => p1, b2 => p2, c1 => p3, s1 => t1);
circ2 : add1
port map (b1 => p3, b2 => p4, c1 => t3, s1 => t2);
end struct; |
package vv_vls is
function bin2_to_int (signal w2, w1 : bit)
return integer;
function int_to_bin4
(signal INPUT : integer)
return bit_vector;
constant N : integer := 4;
function bin_to_int (signal x : bit_vector (0 to N-1))
return integer;
type in_array is array (natural range 1 to 4,
natural range 1 to 4) -- двумерный массив
of integer range 0 to 7;
type out_array is array (natural range 1 to 4,
natural range 1 to 4)
of integer range 0 to 256;
type fsm_in_type is (z1, z2); -- перечислимый тип
type fsm_out_type is (w1, w2, w3, w4);
type states is (a1, a2);
end vv_vls;
package body vv_vls is -- тело пакета
function bin_to_int -- функция
(signal x : bit_vector (0 to N-1))
-- левый разряд старший, возрастающий диапазон
return integer is
variable sum : integer := 0;
begin
for i in 0 to N-1 loop
if (x(i) = '1') then sum := sum + 2**(N-1-i);
else null;
end if;
end loop;
return sum;
end bin_to_int;
function bin2_to_int -- функция
(signal w2, w1 : bit) -- w2 - старший разряд
return integer is
variable sum : integer := 0;
begin
if w1 = '1' then
sum := 1;
else
sum := 0;
end if;
if w2 = '1' then
sum := sum+2;
else
sum := sum;
end if;
return sum;
end bin2_to_int;
function int_to_bin4 -- функция
(signal INPUT : integer)
return bit_vector is -- правый разряд старший
-- возрастающий диапазон
variable fout : bit_vector(0 to 3);
variable temp_a : integer := 0;
variable temp_b : integer := 0;
begin
temp_a := INPUT;
for i in 3 downto 0 loop
temp_b := temp_a/(2**i);
temp_a := temp_a rem (2**i);
if (temp_b = 1) then
fout(i) := '1';
else
fout(i) := '0';
end if;
end loop;
return fout;
end int_to_bin4;
end vv_vls; |
наверх
4.9.10. Инкрементор, декрементор
library Work;
use work.perfom.all;
entity incrementor_N is
port (A : in bit_vector (0 to N-1);
B : out bit_vector (0 to N-1));
end incrementor_N;
architecture functional of incrementor_N is
signal ss : integer;
signal tt : integer;
begin
ss <= bin_to_int(A);
-- преобр. типа bit_vector в тип integer
tt <= ss+1; -- инкрементор
-- tt <= ss-1; -- декрементор
-- B<=int_perfom_bin(tt); -- преобр. типа integer в тип
-- bit_vector
end functional;
package perfom is
constant N : integer := 5;
function bin_to_int (signal x : bit_vector (0 to N-1))
return integer;
function int_perfom_bin
(signal INPUT : integer)
return bit_vector;
end perfom;
package body perfom is
function bin_to_int (signal x : bit_vector (0 to N-1))
return integer is
variable sum : integer := 0;
begin
for i in 0 to N-1 loop
if (x(i) = '1') then sum := sum + 2**(N-1-i);
else null;
end if;
end loop;
return sum;
end bin_to_int;
function int_perfom_bin
-- левый разряд старший, возрастающий диапазон
(signal INPUT : integer)
return bit_vector is
variable fout : bit_vector(0 to N-1);
variable temp_a : integer := 0;
variable temp_b : integer := 0;
begin
temp_a := INPUT;
for i in 0 to N-1 loop
temp_b := temp_a/(2**(N-1-i));
temp_a := temp_a rem (2**(N-1-i));
if (temp_b = 1) then
fout(i) := '1';
else
fout(i) := '0';
end if;
end loop;
return fout;
end int_perfom_bin;
end perfom; |
package perfom is
constant N : integer := 5;
function bin_to_int (signal x : bit_vector (0 to N-1))
return integer;
function int_perfom_bin
(signal INPUT : integer)
return bit_vector;
end perfom;
package body perfom is
function bin_to_int (signal x : bit_vector (0 to N-1))
return integer is
variable sum : integer := 0;
begin
for i in 0 to N-1 loop
if (x(i) = '1') then sum := sum + 2**(N-1-i);
else null;
end if;
end loop;
return sum;
end bin_to_int;
function int_perfom_bin
-- левый разряд старший, возрастающий диапазон
(signal INPUT : integer)
return bit_vector is
variable fout : bit_vector(0 to N-1);
variable temp_a : integer := 0;
variable temp_b : integer := 0;
begin
temp_a := INPUT;
for i in 0 to N-1 loop
temp_b := temp_a/(2**(N-1-i));
temp_a := temp_a rem (2**(N-1-i));
if (temp_b = 1) then
fout(i) := '1';
else
fout(i) := '0';
end if;
end loop;
return fout;
end int_perfom_bin;
end perfom; |
наверх
4.9.11. Компаратор
library Work;
use work.perfom.all;
entity comparator is
port (A, B : in bit_vector (0 to N-1);
F : out bit);
end comparator;
architecture functional of comparator is
signal ss : integer;
signal tt : integer;
begin
ss <= bin_to_int(A); -- преобразование типа bit_vector в тип integer
tt <= bin_to_int(B); -- преобразование типа
-- bit_vector в тип integer
p0 : process (ss, tt)
begin
if (A > B) then F <= '1';
elsif (A <= B) then F <= '0';
end if;
end process;
end functional; |
package perfom is
constant N : integer := 5;
function bin_to_int (signal x : bit_vector (0 to N-1))
return integer;
function int_perfom_bin
(signal INPUT : integer)
return bit_vector;
end perfom;
package body perfom is
function bin_to_int (signal x : bit_vector (0 to N-1))
return integer is
variable sum : integer := 0;
begin
for i in 0 to N-1 loop
if (x(i) = '1') then sum := sum + 2**(N-1-i);
else null;
end if;
end loop;
return sum;
end bin_to_int;
function int_perfom_bin
-- левый разряд старший, возрастающий диапазон
(signal INPUT : integer)
return bit_vector is
variable fout : bit_vector(0 to N-1);
variable temp_a : integer := 0;
variable temp_b : integer := 0;
begin
temp_a := INPUT;
for i in 0 to N-1 loop
temp_b := temp_a/(2**(N-1-i));
temp_a := temp_a rem (2**(N-1-i));
if (temp_b = 1) then
fout(i) := '1';
else
fout(i) := '0';
end if;
end loop;
return fout;
end int_perfom_bin;
end perfom; |
наверх
4.9.12. Программируемая логическая матрица
library IEEE;
use IEEE.STD_LOGIC_1164.all;
entity mod_PLA_synt is
port (invec : in std_logic_vector (3 downto 0);
result_vector : out std_logic_vector (2 downto 0));
end mod_PLA_synt;
architecture DNF of mod_PLA_synt is
begin
result_vector (2) <= invec(3)
or (not invec(3) and not invec(2) and not invec(1) and not invec(0));
result_vector (1) <= (not invec(3) and not invec(2) and invec(1))
or (not invec(3) and not invec(2) and not invec(1) and invec(0))
or (not invec(3) and not invec(2) and not invec(1) and not invec(0));
result_vector (0) <= (not invec(3) and invec(2))
or (not invec(3) and not invec(2) and not invec(1) and invec(0))
or (not invec(3) and not invec(2) and not invec(1) and not invec(0));
end DNF; |
library IEEE;
use IEEE.STD_LOGIC_1164.all;
use work.pack.all;
entity mod_PLA_synt is
port (invec : in std_logic_vector (3 downto 0);
-- входные порты есть
result_vector : out std_logic_vector (2 downto 0));
end mod_PLA_synt;
architecture beh of mod_PLA_synt is
constant pla_example : std_logic_pla (4 downto 0, 6 downto 0) :=
("1---100", -- промежуточная шина 1
"01--001", -- промежуточная шина 2
"001-010", -- промежуточная шина 3
"0001011", -- промежуточная шина 4
"0000111") ; -- промежуточная шина 5
begin
pla_table (invec, result_vector, pla_example);
end beh; |
-- Не синтезируемый VHDL-код
library IEEE;
use IEEE.STD_LOGIC_1164.all;
use work.pack.all;
entity mod_PLA is
port (result_vector :
out std_logic_vector (2 downto 0));
-- входных портов нет
end mod_PLA;
architecture beh of mod_PLA is
constant pla_example : std_logic_pla (4 downto 0, 6 downto 0) :=
("1---100", -- промежуточная шина 1
"01--001", -- промежуточная шина 2
"001-010", -- промежуточная шина 3
"0001011", -- промежуточная шина 4
"0000111") ; -- промежуточная шина 5
constant test_vector : std_logic_vector (3 downto 0) := "0100";
begin
pla_table (test_vector, result_vector, pla_example);
end beh;
library IEEE;
use IEEE.STD_LOGIC_1164.all;
package pack is
type std_logic_pla is array (natural range <>, natural range <>)
of std_logic;
procedure pla_table (constant invec : std_logic_vector;
signal outvec : out std_logic_vector;
constant table : std_logic_pla);
end pack;
package body pack is
procedure pla_table (constant invec : std_logic_vector;
signal outvec : out std_logic_vector;
constant table : std_logic_pla) is
variable x : std_logic_vector (table'range(1));
-- промежуточные шины
variable y : std_logic_vector (outvec'range);
-- выходы
variable b : std_logic;
begin
assert (invec'length + outvec'length = table'length(2))
report "Size of Inputs and Outputs do not match table size"
severity error;
-- Вычисления в матрице И
x := (others => '1');
for i in table'range(1) loop
for j in invec'range loop
b := table (i, table'left(2)-invec'left+j);
if (b = '1') then
x(i) := x(i) and invec (j);
elsif (b = '0') then
x(i) := x(i) and not invec(j);
end if;
end loop;
end loop;
-- Вычисления в матрице ИЛИ
y := (others => '0');
for i in table'range(1) loop
for j in outvec'range loop
b := table(i, table'right(2)-outvec'right+j);
if (b = '1') then
y(j) := y(j) or x(i);
end if;
end loop;
end loop;
outvec <= y;
end pla_table;
end pack; |
library IEEE;
use IEEE.STD_LOGIC_1164.all;
package pack is
type std_logic_pla is array (natural range <>, natural range <>)
of std_logic;
procedure pla_table (constant invec : std_logic_vector;
signal outvec : out std_logic_vector;
constant table : std_logic_pla);
end pack;
package body pack is
procedure pla_table (constant invec : std_logic_vector;
signal outvec : out std_logic_vector;
constant table : std_logic_pla) is
variable x : std_logic_vector (table'range(1));
-- промежуточные шины
variable y : std_logic_vector (outvec'range);
-- выходы
variable b : std_logic;
begin
assert (invec'length + outvec'length = table'length(2))
report "Size of Inputs and Outputs do not match table size"
severity error;
-- Вычисления в матрице И
x := (others => '1');
for i in table'range(1) loop
for j in invec'range loop
b := table (i, table'left(2)-invec'left+j);
if (b = '1') then
x(i) := x(i) and invec (j);
elsif (b = '0') then
x(i) := x(i) and not invec(j);
end if;
end loop;
end loop;
-- Вычисления в матрице ИЛИ
y := (others => '0');
for i in table'range(1) loop
for j in outvec'range loop
b := table(i, table'right(2)-outvec'right+j);
if (b = '1') then
y(j) := y(j) or x(i);
end if;
end loop;
end loop;
outvec <= y;
end pla_table;
end pack; |
-- Тест для моделирования схемы mod_PLA_synt
library IEEE;
use IEEE.STD_LOGIC_1164.all;
use work.pack.all;
entity test is
end test;
architecture beh of test is
component mod_PLA_synt
port (invec : in std_logic_vector (3 downto 0);
result_vector : out std_logic_vector (2 downto 0));
end component;
signal invec : std_logic_vector (3 downto 0);
signal result_vector : std_logic_vector (2 downto 0);
begin
p0 : mod_pla_synt port map (invec, result_vector);
invec <= "0000", "0001" after 50 ns;
end beh; |
-- Тест для моделирования схемы mod_PLA
library IEEE;
use IEEE.STD_LOGIC_1164.all;
use work.pack.all;
entity test is
end test;
architecture beh of test is
component mod_PLA
port (result_vector :
out std_logic_vector (2 downto 0));
end component;
signal result_vector : std_logic_vector (2 downto 0);
begin
p0 : mod_pla port map (result_vector);
end beh; |
наверх
4.9.13. D-триггер
-- Синтезированный VHDL-код схемы dlatch
library IEEE;
use IEEE.STD_LOGIC_1164.all;
package components is
procedure DFFPC (
constant data : in std_logic;
constant preset : in std_logic;
constant clear : in std_logic;
signal clk : in std_logic;
signal q : out std_logic) ;
component GND
port (
Y : out std_logic) ;
end component;
end components;
package body components is
procedure DFFPC (
constant data : in std_logic;
constant preset : in std_logic;
constant clear : in std_logic;
signal clk : in std_logic;
signal q : out std_logic)
is begin
if (preset = '1') then
q <= '1';
elsif (clear = '1') then
q <= '0';
elsif (clk'event and clk'last_value = '0' and clk = '1') then
q <= data and data; -- takes care of q<='X' if data='Z'
end if;
if ((clear /= '1' or preset /= '1') and clk /= '0' and clk /= '1') then
q <= 'X';
end if;
end DFFPC;
end components;
library IEEE;
use IEEE.STD_LOGIC_1164.all;
entity dlatch is
port (
d : in std_logic;
clk : in std_logic;
q : out std_logic) ;
end dlatch;
architecture functional of dlatch is
signal GND0 : std_logic;
begin
work.components.DFFPC (d, GND0, GND0, clk, q);
ix3 : work.components.GND port map (Y => GND0);
end functional; |
entity d_latch is
port(d, clk : in bit;
q : out bit);
end d_latch;
architecture structural of d_latch is
component NAND2
port (i1, i2 : in bit; o : out bit);
end component;
signal A, B, Y1, Y2 : bit;
begin
DD1 : NAND2
port map (d, clk, A);
DD2 : NAND2
port map (A, clk, B);
DD3 : NAND2
port map (A, Y2, Y1);
DD4 : NAND2
port map (B, Y1, Y2);
q <= Y1;
end structural; |
entity dlatch is
port(
d, clk : in bit;
q : out bit);
end dlatch;
architecture functional of dlatch is
begin
dff : process
begin
wait until clk'event and clk = '1';
Q <= D;
end process;
end functional; |
library IEEE;
use IEEE.std_logic_1164.all;
entity GND is
port(Y : out std_logic);
end;
architecture GND_arch of GND is
begin
Y <= '0';
end GND_arch; |
entity NAND2 is
port(i1, i2 : in bit; o : out bit);
end NAND2;
architecture behavior of NAND2 is
begin
o <=not(i1 and i2);
end behavior; |
-- Тест для моделирования схемы dlatch
entity test_dlatch is
end test_dlatch;
architecture func of test_dlatch is
component dlatch port
(d, clk : in bit;
q : out bit);
end component;
signal d, clk, q : bit;
begin
p1 : dlatch port map (d, clk, q);
-- p1 : d_latch port map (d, clk, q);
--(для моделирования структурного описания)
p2 : process
variable number : integer := 20;
variable period : time := 100 ns;
begin
for i in 1 to number loop
CLK <= transport '1'; wait for period/2;
CLK <= transport '0'; wait for period/2;
end loop;
end process p2;
p3 : process
variable period : time := 100 ns;
begin
d <= '1'; wait for period;
d <= '0'; wait for 2*period + period/2;
d <= '1'; wait for period;
d <= '0'; wait for 2*period + period/2;
end process p3;
end func; |
наверх
4.9.14. Параллельный регистр
entity REGISTR_N_1mod is
generic (N : natural := 3);
port (DATA : in bit_vector (0 to N);
clk : in bit;
OUTPUT : out bit_vector (0 to N));
end REGISTR_N_1mod;
architecture beh of REGISTR_N_1mod is
begin
REG : process (clk)
begin
if (clk'event and clk = '1') then
OUTPUT <= DATA;
end if;
end process;
end beh; |
entity REGISTR_N_2mod is
generic (N : natural := 3);
port (DATA : in bit_vector (0 to N);
clk : in bit;
OUTPUT : out bit_vector (0 to N));
end REGISTR_N_2mod;
architecture beh of REGISTR_N_2mod is
begin
REG : process
begin
wait until clk'event and clk = '1';
OUTPUT <= DATA;
end process;
end beh; |
наверх
4.9.15. Сдвиговый регистр
entity DFF is
port (
RSTn, CLK, D : in bit;
Q : out bit);
end DFF;
architecture RTL of DFF is
begin
process (RSTn, CLK)
begin
if (RSTn = '0') then
Q <= '0';
elsif (CLK'event and CLK = '1') then
Q <= D;
end if;
end process;
end RTL; |
entity SHIFT is
port (
RSTn, CLK, SI : in bit;
SO : out bit);
end SHIFT;
architecture RTL3 of SHIFT is
component DFF
port (
RSTn, CLK, D : in bit;
Q : out bit);
end component;
signal T : bit_vector(8 downto 0);
-- декларация сигнала T
begin
T(8) <= SI;
SO <= T(0);
g0 : for i in 7 downto 0 generate
allbit : DFF
port map (RSTn => RSTn, CLK => CLK, D => T(i+1), Q => T(i));
end generate;
end RTL3; |
наверх
4.9.16. Счетчик
entity counter_3 is
port (
RSTn, CLK, EN, PL : in bit;
DATA : in integer range 0 to 7;
COUNT : out integer range 0 to 7);
end counter_3;
architecture beh of counter_3 is
signal COUNT_VALUE : integer range 0 to 7;
begin
p0 : process (RSTn, CLK)
begin
if (RSTn = '0') then
COUNT_VALUE <= 0;
elsif (CLK'event and CLK = '1') then
if (PL = '1') then
COUNT_VALUE <= DATA;
elsif (EN = '1') then
if (COUNT_VALUE = 7) then
COUNT_VALUE <= 0;
else
COUNT_VALUE <= COUNT_VALUE + 1;
end if;
end if;
end if;
end process;
COUNT <= COUNT_VALUE;
end beh; |
-- Тест для моделирования схемы counter_3
entity test is
end test;
architecture beh of test is
component counter_3
port (
RSTn, CLK, EN, PL : in bit;
DATA : in integer range 0 to 7;
COUNT : out integer range 0 to 7);
end component;
signal RSTn, CLK, EN, PL : bit;
signal DATA : integer range 0 to 7;
signal COUNT : integer range 0 to 7;
begin
p0 : counter_3 port map (RSTn, CLK, EN, PL, DATA, COUNT);
RSTn <= '1';
PL <= '0'; -- рис. 4.60,а
-- PL <= '1'; -- рис. 4.60,б
EN <= '1';
p1 : process
variable number : integer := 40;
variable period_1 : time := 30 ns;
begin
for i in 1 to number loop
CLK <= transport '1'; wait for period_1/2;
CLK <= transport '0'; wait for period_1/2;
end loop;
end process p1;
p2 : process
variable number : integer := 40;
variable period_2 : time := 20 ns;
begin
for i in 1 to number loop
DATA <= 1; wait for period_2;
DATA <= 2; wait for period_2 + period_2/2;
end loop;
end process p2;
end beh; |
наверх
4.10.3. Использование конфигураций
entity add1 is
port (b1, b2 : in bit;
c1, s1 : out bit);
end add1;
architecture struct_1 of add1 is
begin
s1 <= ((b1 and (not b2)) or ((not b1) and b2));
c1 <= b1 and b2;
end struct_1;
architecture struct_2 of add1 is
begin
s1 <= b1 xor b2;
c1 <= b1 and b2;
end struct_2; |
entity add2 is
port (c1, a1, a2 : in bit;
c2, s2 : out bit);
end add2;
architecture struct_1 of add2 is
begin
s2 <= ((not c1) and (not a1) and a2) or
((not c1) and a1 and (not a2)) or
(c1 and (not a1)and (not a2)) or
(a1 and a2 and c1);
c2 <= (a1 and c1) or (a2 and c1) or (a1 and a2);
end struct_1; |
entity adder_2 is
port (a1, b1, a2, b2 : in bit;
c2, s2, s1 : out bit);
end adder_2;
architecture struct_1 of adder_2 is
component
add1
port (b1, b2 : in bit;
c1, s1 : out bit);
end component;
component add2
port(c1, a1, a2 : in bit;
c2, s2 : out bit);
end component;
signal c1 : bit;
begin
circ1 : add1
port map (b1, b2, c1, s1);
circ2 : add2
port map (c1, a1, a2, c2, s2);
end struct_1; |
configuration config_mixed_vlsi_1 of vlsi_1 is
for structure
for circ2 : mult_2
use entity work.mult_2(struct);
for struct
for all : add1
use entity work.add1(struct_2);
end for;
end for;
end for;
for circ3 : adder_2
use entity work.adder_2(functional_dnf);
end for;
end for;
end config_mixed_vlsi_1; |
configuration config_pure_functional_vlsi_1 of vlsi_1 is
for structure
for circ2 : mult_2
use entity work.mult_2(functional);
end for;
for circ3 : adder_2
use entity work.adder_2(functional_rom);
end for;
end for;
end config_pure_functional_vlsi_1; |
configuration config_str_config_adder_2 of vlsi_1 is
for structure
for circ2 : mult_2
use entity work.mult_2(struct);
for struct
for all : add1
use entity work.add1(struct_1);
end for;
end for;
end for;
for circ3 : adder_2
use configuration work.config_1_adder_2; end for;
end for;
end config_str_config_adder_2; |
configuration config_structure_vlsi_1 of vlsi_1 is
for structure
for circ2 : mult_2
use entity work.mult_2(struct);
for struct
for all : add1
use entity work.add1(struct_2);
end for;
end for;
end for;
for circ3 : adder_2
use entity work.adder_2(struct_1);
for struct_1
for all : add1
use entity work.add1(struct_1);
end for;
for all : add2
use entity work.add2(struct_1);
end for;
end for;
end for;
end for;
end config_structure_vlsi_1; |
entity mult_2 is
port (s1, s0, r1, r0 : in bit;
t3, t2, t1, t0 : out bit);
end mult_2;
architecture struct of mult_2 is
component
add1
port (b1, b2 : in bit;
c1, s1 : out bit);
end component;
signal p1, p2, p3, p4 : bit;
begin
t0 <= r0 and s0;
p2 <= r0 and s1;
p1 <= r1 and s0;
p4 <= r1 and s1;
circ1 : add1
port map (b1 => p1, b2 => p2, c1 => p3, s1 => t1);
circ2 : add1
port map (b1 => p3, b2 => p4, c1 => t3, s1 => t2);
end struct; |
package vv_vls is
function bin2_to_int (signal w2, w1 : bit)
return integer;
function int_to_bin4
(signal INPUT : integer)
return bit_vector;
constant N : integer := 4;
function bin_to_int (signal x : bit_vector (0 to N-1))
return integer;
type in_array is array (natural range 1 to 4,
natural range 1 to 4) -- двумерный массив
of integer range 0 to 7;
type out_array is array (natural range 1 to 4,
natural range 1 to 4)
of integer range 0 to 256;
type fsm_in_type is (z1, z2); -- перечислимый тип
type fsm_out_type is (w1, w2, w3, w4);
type states is (a1, a2);
end vv_vls;
package body vv_vls is -- тело пакета
function bin_to_int -- функция
(signal x : bit_vector (0 to N-1))
-- левый разряд старший, возрастающий диапазон
return integer is
variable sum : integer := 0;
begin
for i in 0 to N-1 loop
if (x(i) = '1') then sum := sum + 2**(N-1-i);
else null;
end if;
end loop;
return sum;
end bin_to_int;
function bin2_to_int -- функция
(signal w2, w1 : bit) -- w2 - старший разряд
return integer is
variable sum : integer := 0;
begin
if w1 = '1' then
sum := 1;
else
sum := 0;
end if;
if w2 = '1' then
sum := sum+2;
else
sum := sum;
end if;
return sum;
end bin2_to_int;
function int_to_bin4 -- функция
(signal INPUT : integer)
return bit_vector is -- правый разряд старший
-- возрастающий диапазон
variable fout : bit_vector(0 to 3);
variable temp_a : integer := 0;
variable temp_b : integer := 0;
begin
temp_a := INPUT;
for i in 3 downto 0 loop
temp_b := temp_a/(2**i);
temp_a := temp_a rem (2**i);
if (temp_b = 1) then
fout(i) := '1';
else
fout(i) := '0';
end if;
end loop;
return fout;
end int_to_bin4;
end vv_vls; |
library work;
use work.vv_vls.all;
entity test_VLSI_1 is
end test_VLSI_1;
architecture test of test_vlsi_1 is
component vlsi_1
port (a2, a1, b2, b1, x : in bit;
d4, d3, d2, d1 : out bit);
end component;
signal a2, a1, b2, b1, x, d4, d3, d2, d1 : bit;
signal s : bit_vector (0 to 3);
begin
p : vlsi_1
port map (a2 => a2, a1 => a1, b2 => b2, b1 => b1, x => x,
d4 => d4, d3 => d3, d2 => d2, d1 => d1);
a2 <= '1' after 25 ns; a1 <= '0' after 25 ns;
b2 <= '1' after 25 ns; b1 <= '1' after 25 ns;
x <= '0' after 25 ns;
s <= (d4, d3, d2, d1);
step1 : process (s)
variable number : integer range 0 to 15;
begin
number := bin_to_int(s);
if (number /= 5) then
assert false report "bad (2+3/=5)" severity error;
end if;
if (number = 5) then
assert false report "good (2+3=5)" severity warning;
end if;
end process;
end test; |
entity vlsi_1 is
port(
b2, b1, a2, a1, x : in bit;
d4, d3, d2, d1 : out bit);
end vlsi_scas;
architecture DNF of vlsi_1 is
begin
d4<=
(b2 and b1 and a2 and a1 and x);
d3<=
(b2 and not b1 and a2)
or(b2 and a2 and not a1)
or(b2 and b1 and a1 and not x)
or(b1 and a2 and a1 and not x);
d2 <=
(b2 and not a2 and a1 and x)
or(b1 and a2 and not a1 and x)
or(b2 and not a2 and not a1 and not x)
or(not b2 and a2 and not a1 and not x)
or(not b2 and not b1 and a2 and not x)
or(not b2 and b1 and a2 and x)
or(b2 and not b1 and a1 and x)
or(b2 and not b1 and not a2 and a1)
or(b2 and b1 and a2 and a1 and not x)
or(not b2 and b1 and not a2 and a1 and not x);
d1 <=
(b1 and a1 and x)
or(not b1 and a1 and not x)
or(b1 and not a1 and not x);
end DNF; |
entity VLSI_1 is
port (a2, a1, b2, b1, x : in bit;
d4, d3, d2, d1 : out bit);
end VLSI_1;
architecture structure of vlsi_1 is
component
adder_2
port (a1, b1, a2, b2 : in bit;
c2, s2, s1 : out bit);
end component;
component mult_2
port(s1, s0, r1, r0 : in bit;
t3, t2, t1, t0 : out bit);
end component;
component dd
port (x1, x2, x3, x4, x5, x6 : in bit;
y1, y2, y3 : out bit);
end component;
component YY
port(a2, a1, b2, b1, x : in bit;
f6, f5, f4, f3, f2, f1 : out bit);
end component;
signal f1, f2, f3, f4, f5, f6, t4, t3, t2, t1, c2, s2, s1 : bit;
begin
circ1 : YY
port map (a2, a1, b2, b1, x, f6, f5, f4, f3, f2, f1);
circ2 : mult_2
port map (f2, f1, b2, b1, d4, t3, t2, t1);
circ3 : adder_2
port map (f4, f3, f6, f5, c2, s2, s1);
circ4 : dd
port map (s1, t1, s2, t2, c2, t3, d1, d2, d3);
end structure;
entity dd is
port (x1, x2, x3, x4, x5, x6 : in bit;
y1, y2, y3 : out bit);
end dd;
architecture struct_1 of dd is
begin
y1 <= x1 or x2;
y2 <= x3 or x4;
y3 <= x5 or x6;
end struct_1;
entity YY is
port (a2, a1, b2, b1, x : in bit;
f6, f5, f4, f3, f2, f1 : out bit);
end YY;
architecture struct_1 of YY is
begin
f1 <= x and a1;
f2 <= x and a2;
f3 <= not x and a1;
f4 <= not x and a2;
f5 <= not x and b1;
f6 <= not x and b2;
end struct_1; |
entity VLSI_1 is
port (a2, a1, b2, b1, x : in bit;
d4, d3, d2, d1 : out bit);
end VLSI_1;
architecture str of vlsi_1 is
component
adder_2
port (a1, b1, a2, b2 : in bit;
c2, s2, s1 : out bit);
end component;
component mult_2
port(s1, s0, r1, r0 : in bit;
t3, t2, t1, t0 : out bit);
end component;
component YY_MUX
port (t4, t3, t2, t1, c2, s2, s1, x : in bit;
d4, d3, d2, d1 : out bit);
end component;
signal t4, t3, t2, t1, c2, s2, s1 : bit;
begin
circ1 : YY_MUX port map (t4, t3, t2, t1, c2, s2, s1, x,
d4, d3, d2, d1);
circ2 : mult_2
port map (a1, b1, a2, b2, t4, t3, t2, t1);
circ3 : adder_2
port map (a1, b1, a2, b2, c2, s2, s1);
end str;
entity YY_MUX is
port (t4, t3, t2, t1, c2, s2, s1, x : in bit;
d4, d3, d2, d1 : out bit);
end YY_MUX;
architecture beh of YY_MUX is
begin
d1 <= (not x and s1) or (x and t1);
d2 <= (not x and s2) or (x and t2);
d3 <= (not x and c2) or (x and t3);
d4 <= x and t4;
end beh; |
наверх
4.10.4. Использование “черных ящиков”
entity add2 is
port (c1, a1, a2 : in bit;
c2, s2 : out bit);
end add2;
architecture struct_1 of add2 is
begin
s2 <= ((not c1) and (not a1) and a2) or
((not c1) and a1 and (not a2)) or
(c1 and (not a1)and (not a2)) or
(a1 and a2 and c1);
c2 <= (a1 and c1) or (a2 and c1) or (a1 and a2);
end struct_1; |
library exemplar;
use exemplar.exemplar_1164.all;
entity circ1_noopt is
port (x1, x2, x3, clk : in bit;
c_q, s1 : out bit);
end circ1_noopt;
architecture str of circ1_noopt is
component
add2
port (c1, a1, a2 : in bit;
c2, s2 : out bit);
end component;
component dlatch
port(
d, clk : in bit;
q : out bit);
end component;
attribute noopt : boolean;
attribute noopt of dlatch : component is true;
signal c1 : bit;
begin
noopt : add2
port map (c1 => x1, a1 => x2, a2 => x3, s2 => s1, c2 => c1);
mm2 : dlatch
port map (d => c1, clk => clk, q => c_q);
end str; |
entity dlatch is
port(
d, clk : in bit;
q : out bit);
end dlatch;
architecture functional of dlatch is
begin
dff : process
begin
wait until clk'event and clk = '1';
Q <= D;
end process;
end functional; |
# Reading D:/Modeltech_6.1b/tcl/vsim/pref.tcl
# // ModelSim SE 6.1b Sep 8 2005
# //
# // Copyright Mentor Graphics Corporation 2005
# // All Rights Reserved.
# //
# // THIS WORK CONTAINS TRADE SECRET AND
# // PROPRIETARY INFORMATION WHICH IS THE PROPERTY
# // OF MENTOR GRAPHICS CORPORATION OR ITS LICENSORS
# // AND IS SUBJECT TO LICENSE TERMS.
# //
# OpenFile "D:/word/VHDL_:=838/COD/VHDL_2002_SINTEZ/P_4_10_4/circ1_noopt.vhd" |
наверх
4.11. Повторный синтез
entity minim1 is
port(
x1, x2, x3 : in bit;
y1 : out bit);
end minim1;
architecture beh of minim1 is
-- функциональное описание
begin
y1 <= (not x1 and not x2 and not x3) or
(not x1 and not x2 and x3) or (x1 and not x2 and not x3) or
(not x1 and x2 and not x3) or (x1 and x2 and not x3);
end beh; |
entity minim1 is
port(
x1, x2, x3 : in bit;
y1 : out bit);
end minim1;
architecture str of minim1 is
component and_3
port (x1, x2, x3 : in bit;
y : out bit);
end component;
component or_5
port (x1, x2, x3, x4, x5 : in bit;
y : out bit);
end component;
component inv
port (x1 : in bit;
y : out bit);
end component;
signal w1, w2, w3, z1, z2, z3, z4, z5 : bit;
-- структурное описание
begin
p1 : inv port map (x1, w1);
p2 : inv port map (x2, w2);
p3 : inv port map (x3, w3);
p4 : and_3 port map (w1, w2, w3, z1);
p5 : and_3 port map (w1, w2, x3, z2);
p6 : and_3 port map (x1, w2, w3, z3);
p7 : and_3 port map (w1, x2, w3, z4);
p8 : and_3 port map (x1, x2, x3, z5);
p9 : or_5 port map (z1, z2, z3, z4, z5, y1);
end str;
entity and_3 is
port (x1, x2, x3 : in bit; y : out bit);
end and_3;
architecture beh of and_3 is
begin
y <= x1 and x2 and x3;
end beh;
entity or_5 is
port (x1, x2, x3, x4, x5 : in bit; y : out bit);
end or_5;
architecture beh of or_5 is
begin
y <= x1 or x2 or x3 or x4 or x5;
end beh;
entity inv is
port (x1 : in bit; y : out bit);
end inv;
architecture beh of inv is
begin
y <= not x1;
end beh; |
entity resinthesis is
port(
x1, x2, x3, clk : in bit;
y : out bit);
end resinthesis;
architecture beh of resinthesis is
component dlatch
port(
d, clk : in bit;
q : out bit);
end component;
attribute noopt : boolean;
attribute noopt of dlatch : component is true;
signal w1, w2, w3, w4, w5, f : bit;
begin
w1 <= (not x1 and x2) or (x1 and not x2);
w2 <= (not x3 and w1) or (x3 and not w1);
w3 <= not w2;
w4 <= w3 and x1;
w5 <= w2 and x3;
f <= w4 or w5;
p0 : dlatch port map (f, clk, y);
end beh; |
entity sovmest_1 is
port(
x1, x2, x3, x4, x5 : in bit;
y1, y2, y3 : out bit);
end sovmest_1;
architecture beh1 of sovmest_1 is
signal w : bit;
begin
w <= not x1 and not x2 and not x3;
y1 <= w or (x4 and x5);
y2 <= (x1 and x2) or w;
y3 <= w or x3;
end beh1; |
entity sovmest_1 is
port(
x1, x2, x3, x4, x5 : in bit;
y1, y2, y3 : out bit);
end sovmest_1;
architecture beh of sovmest_1 is
begin
y1 <= (not x1 and not x2 and not x3) or (x4 and x5);
y2 <= (x1 and x2) or (not x1 and not x2 and not x3);
y3 <= (not x1 and not x2 and not x3) or x3;
end beh; |
наверх
|
